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Tang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Liang Y, Wei J, Ren T, Han X, Ma X. Construction of an Artificial Sequential Light-Harvesting System and White-Light Material Utilizing Supramolecular Gels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13183-13189. [PMID: 38874200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The molecular (pyren-1-yloxy)-acetic acid (Py) with excellent fluorescence properties was synthesized from 1-hydroxypyrene (Hp) and formed a supramolecular gel with an acid-base stimulus response in dimethylformamide and water. On the basis of gel, the fluorescent dye perylene 3, 9-dicarbxylic acid, and rhodamine 6g were added successively to construct a step-by-step artificial light-harvesting system, so that the fluorescence color changed from blue-purple to green to red, and white light emission was realized by adjusting the ratio of donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Yuehua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Jiuzhi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Tianqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Xinning Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Xinxian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
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Ma Z, Guo Z, Gao Y, Wang Y, Du M, Han Y, Xue Z, Yang W, Ma X. Boosting Excited-State Energy Transfer by Anchoring Dipole Orientation in Binary Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence/J-Aggregate Assemblies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400046. [PMID: 38619364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been widely applied in fluorescence imaging, sensing and so on, while developing useful strategy of boosting FRET efficiency becomes a key issue that limits the application. Except optimizing spectral properties, promoting orientation factor (κ2) has been well discussed but rarely utilized for boosting FRET. Herein, we constructed binary nano-assembling of two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters (2CzPN and DMAC-DPS) with J-type aggregate of cyanine dye (C8S4) as doping films by taking advantage of their electrostatic interactions. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements indicated that 2CzPN/Cy-J films exhibit an order of magnitude higher kFRET than DMAC-DPS/Cy-J films. Further quantitative analysing on kFRET and kDET indicated higher orientation factor (κ2) in 2CzPN/Cy-J films play a key role for achieving fast kFRET, which was subsequently confirmed by anisotropic measurements. Corresponding DFT/TDDFT calculation revealed strong "two-point" electrostatic anchoring in 2CzPN/Cy-J films that is responsible for highly orientated transitions. We provide a new strategy for boosting FRET in nano-assemblies, which might be inspired for designing FRET-based devices of sensing, imaging and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Min Du
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yandong Han
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Ma X, Tang J, Ren T, Zhang J, Wei J, Liang Y, Zhang J, Feng E, Han X. An anti-freeze fluorescent organogel with rapid shape-forming properties for constructing artificial light harvesting systems used in extremely cold environments. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:754-761. [PMID: 38165722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01331f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) as raw materials, a new anti-freeze (-50 °C) fluorescent organogel with rapid shape-forming (2 h) properties was synthesised based on a certain proportion of the binary solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Then, an artificial light-harvesting system (ALHS) used in extremely cold environments was successfully constructed by mixing fluorescent dyes sulphorhodamine101 (SR101) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) into them as acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Jiahong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Tianqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Jiuzhi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Yuehua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Enke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
| | - Xinning Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology of Ningxia, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China.
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Chen XM, Chen X, Hou XF, Zhang S, Chen D, Li Q. Self-assembled supramolecular artificial light-harvesting nanosystems: construction, modulation, and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1830-1852. [PMID: 36998669 PMCID: PMC10044677 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light-harvesting systems, an elegant way to capture, transfer and utilize solar energy, have attracted great attention in recent years. As the primary step of natural photosynthesis, the principle of light-harvesting systems has been intensively investigated, which is further employed for artificial construction of such systems. Supramolecular self-assembly is one of the feasible methods for building artificial light-harvesting systems, which also offers an advantageous pathway for improving light-harvesting efficiency. Many artificial light-harvesting systems based on supramolecular self-assembly have been successfully constructed at the nanoscale with extremely high donor/acceptor ratios, energy transfer efficiency and the antenna effect, which manifests that self-assembled supramolecular nanosystems are indeed a viable way for constructing efficient light-harvesting systems. Non-covalent interactions of supramolecular self-assembly provide diverse approaches to improve the efficiency of artificial light-harvesting systems. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in artificial light-harvesting systems based on self-assembled supramolecular nanosystems. The construction, modulation, and applications of self-assembled supramolecular light-harvesting systems are presented, and the corresponding mechanisms, research prospects and challenges are also briefly highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Man Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Xiao-Fang Hou
- Key Lab of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Dongzhong Chen
- Key Lab of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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Jiahong L, Jialu S, Chenhui P, Guoze Y. The Materials and Application of Artificial Light Harvesting System Based on Supramolecular Self‐assembly. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiahong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
| | - Sun Jialu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
| | - Pan Chenhui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
| | - Yang Guoze
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
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Wang Y, Lai Y, Ren T, Tang J, Gao Y, Geng Y, Zhang J, Ma X. Construction of Artificial Light-Harvesting Systems Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission Type Supramolecular Self-Assembly Metallogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1103-1110. [PMID: 36625456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A method for preparing new artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) based on supramolecular metallogels was proposed. Various metal ions were introduced into a solution of a bi-benzimidazole compound (P) in ethylene glycol, and P exhibited high selectivity toward Al3+, as indicated by the noticeable red shift (49 nm) observed in the fluorescence spectra of P after the addition of Al3+. Interestingly, the gelator, P, could self-assemble into a stable supramolecular gel (P-gel) that exhibits strong aggregation-induced emission in ethylene glycol. Thus, two ALHSs were successfully prepared in a gel environment. The P-Al3+ assembly acts as the donor in the ALHSs, while BODIPY 505/515 (BDP) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), which are loaded onto the P-Al3+ assembly, act as acceptors. In these two diverse systems, the occurrence of an energy transfer process is confirmed from the P-Al3+ assembly to BDP and Rh6G. The findings of this study will enable the design and fabrication of ALHSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Lai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxian Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People's Republic of China
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Ma X, Wang Y, Lai Y, Ren T, Tang J, Gao Y, Geng Y, Zhang J. Artificial light-harvesting systems based on supramolecular self-assembly multi-component metallogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9283-9290. [PMID: 36458862 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a strategy for fabricating new artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) based on supramolecular multi-component metallogels. Al3+ was introduced into a solution of an acylhydrazone compound (L) in DMSO or DMF to form the L-Al3+ assembly. After adding Al3+ to the L solution, a noticeable blue shift appeared in the fluorescence spectra of L. Moreover, L could form a gel (L-B-gel) with 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol (B) in a DMSO-H2O binary solution. Finally, we obtained a multi-component metallogel (L-Al3+-B-gel) and successfully fabricated two ALHSs (L-Al3+/rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and L-Al3+/rhodamine B (RhB)). In these systems, the L-Al3+ supramolecular assembly acts as the donor, while Rh6G and RhB act as acceptors. Additionally, we confirmed an energy-transfer process from the L-Al3+ component to Rh6G and RhB separately. The proposed fabrication strategy will facilitate the development of ALHSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Yipei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Yingshan Lai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Tianqi Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahong Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Yutao Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiali Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China.
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Zhang J, Bo S, Wang R, Fang J, Wang XG, Bai Y, Ma Z, Liang Y, Zhang M, Yu Q, Cai M, Zhou F, Liu W. Supramolecular Polymer Gel Lubricant with Excellent Mechanical Stability and Tribological Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45934-45944. [PMID: 36166403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lubricants performing better in machinery systems would lead to the remarkable reduction of environmental pollution problems and the significant improvement of fuel economy. A new family of supramolecular polymer gel lubricants with urea groups has been successfully prepared via self-assembling noncovalent bonds. These newly designed supramolecular polymer gels were well characterized with field-emission scanning electron microscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a rheometer, oscillating reciprocating friction, and a wear tester. Compared to low molecular weight supramolecular gels, the covalent and noncovalent bonds cooperated in the supramolecular polymer gel based on macromolecules. Hence, the mechanical properties and viscoelasticity of gel lubricants are greater than those of the low molecular weight supramolecular gels. Furthermore, owing to the longer chain length of polymer gelators, the thickness of the adsorbed film formed on the surface lubricated by macromolecules is thicker than that on the surface lubricated by low molecular weight supramolecular gels, which positively correlates with the lubricating property, making supramolecular polymer gels based on macromolecules better than low molecular weight supramolecular gels. Excitingly, the supramolecular polymer gels based on macromolecules exhibit more excellent thermal reversibility, creep recovery, and thixotropic properties, which not only achieve the lubricating property but also lead to the remarkable reduction of environmental pollution problems due to oil creeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shangshang Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junhui Fang
- Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xin-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Baiyin Zhongke Innovation Research Institute of Green Materials, Baiyin 730900 China
| | - Yijing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiangliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meirong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Acridine Based N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and ctDNA/HSA Spectroscopic Binding Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092883. [PMID: 35566236 PMCID: PMC9100673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel acridine N-acylhydrazone derivatives have been synthesized as potential topoisomerase I/II inhibitors, and their binding (calf thymus DNA—ctDNA and human serum albumin—HSA) and biological activities as potential anticancer agents on proliferation of A549 and CCD-18Co have been evaluated. The acridine-DNA complex 3b (-F) displayed the highest Kb value (Kb = 3.18 × 103 M−1). The HSA-derivatives interactions were studied by fluorescence quenching spectra. This method was used for the calculation of characteristic binding parameters. In the presence of warfarin, the binding constant values were found to decrease (KSV = 2.26 M−1, Kb = 2.54 M−1), suggesting that derivative 3a could bind to HSA at Sudlow site I. The effect of tested derivatives on metabolic activity of A549 cells evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or MTT assay decreased as follows 3b(-F) > 3a(-H) > 3c(-Cl) > 3d(-Br). The derivatives 3c and 3d in vitro act as potential dual inhibitors of hTopo I and II with a partial effect on the metabolic activity of cancer cells A594. The acridine-benzohydrazides 3a and 3c reduced the clonogenic ability of A549 cells by 72% or 74%, respectively. The general results of the study suggest that the novel compounds show potential for future development as anticancer agents.
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Ma X, Yue J, Qiao B, Wang Y, Gao Y, Ren T, Tang J, Feng E, Li Z, Han X. Novel fluorescent self-assembling material with gel properties: ion recognition and energy transfer. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel fabrication strategy for preparing fluorescent nanomaterials has been proposed based on supramolecular self-assembly complexes and energy transfer. Here a dual acylhydrazone-functionalized molecule (DAF) was designed and synthesized by...
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Bonardd S, Díaz Díaz D, Leiva A, Saldías C. Chromophoric Dendrimer-Based Materials: An Overview of Holistic-Integrated Molecular Systems for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Phenomenon. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34960954 PMCID: PMC8705239 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers (from the Greek dendros → tree; meros → part) are macromolecules with well-defined three-dimensional and tree-like structures. Remarkably, this hyperbranched architecture is one of the most ubiquitous, prolific, and recognizable natural patterns observed in nature. The rational design and the synthesis of highly functionalized architectures have been motivated by the need to mimic synthetic and natural-light-induced energy processes. Dendrimers offer an attractive material scaffold to generate innovative, technological, and functional materials because they provide a high amount of peripherally functional groups and void nanoreservoirs. Therefore, dendrimers emerge as excellent candidates since they can play a highly relevant role as unimolecular reactors at the nanoscale, acting as versatile and sophisticated entities. In particular, they can play a key role in the properties of light-energy harvesting and non-radiative energy transfer, allowing them to function as a whole unit. Remarkably, it is possible to promote the occurrence of the FRET phenomenon to concentrate the absorbed energy in photoactive centers. Finally, we think an in-depth understanding of this mechanism allows for diverse and prolific technological applications, such as imaging, biomedical therapy, and the conversion and storage of light energy, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Bonardd
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain; (S.B.); (D.D.D.)
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain; (S.B.); (D.D.D.)
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Institutfür Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angel Leiva
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, CL 7820436, USA;
| | - César Saldías
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, CL 7820436, USA;
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