1
|
Zhang Y, Tang N, Zhou H, Zhu Y. Surface engineered multifunctional nano-systems for localised drug delivery against thyroid cancer: A review of current practices. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116840. [PMID: 38820975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, the most prevalent cancer of the endocrine system and cervical region, has experienced a significant increase in incidence over recent decades. Nanomedicine has fundamentally revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly through the development of multifunctional nano-therapeutics. The progress in this field has been facilitated by the distinctive properties of nanomaterials, such as their capacity to perform several functions, be modified, and offer various detection methods. These features allow for non-invasive and practical diagnostic techniques through versatile imaging. Surface engineering plays a pivotal role in the design of multifunctional nano-systems for localized drug delivery against thyroid cancer. Nano-systems can be customized via surface modification techniques, such as functionalization with targeting ligands and inclusion of therapeutic drugs. This customization allows the nano-systems to specifically target cancer cells while reducing the impact on non-target cells. As a result, bovine serum albumin-coated nanostructures have emerged as powerful diagnostic and targeting nanosystems for thyroid cancer. This targeted strategy enhances the effectiveness of cancer treatment while reducing overall body toxicity. This comprehensive review aims to provide an extensive overview of the latest advancements in surface-engineered nanoparticle-based approaches for both diagnosing and treating thyroid cancer. It highlights the promising research endeavors aimed at creating novel and effective multifunctional nanomedicine for localized delivery to thyroid cancer sites. The review examines different nanomedicines that have been developed for cancer treatment and diagnosis. It also analyzes the current trends, future possibilities, and obstacles in this rapidly advancing sector. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge on surface-engineered multifunctional nano-systems, this review contributes to a better understanding of their potential applications in thyroid cancer treatment and paves the way for future research directions in this promising field of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Nie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu P, Ruan D, Huang M, Tian M, Zhu K, Gan Z, Xiao Z. Harnessing the potential of hydrogels for advanced therapeutic applications: current achievements and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:166. [PMID: 38945949 PMCID: PMC11214942 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The applications of hydrogels have expanded significantly due to their versatile, highly tunable properties and breakthroughs in biomaterial technologies. In this review, we cover the major achievements and the potential of hydrogels in therapeutic applications, focusing primarily on two areas: emerging cell-based therapies and promising non-cell therapeutic modalities. Within the context of cell therapy, we discuss the capacity of hydrogels to overcome the existing translational challenges faced by mainstream cell therapy paradigms, provide a detailed discussion on the advantages and principal design considerations of hydrogels for boosting the efficacy of cell therapy, as well as list specific examples of their applications in different disease scenarios. We then explore the potential of hydrogels in drug delivery, physical intervention therapies, and other non-cell therapeutic areas (e.g., bioadhesives, artificial tissues, and biosensors), emphasizing their utility beyond mere delivery vehicles. Additionally, we complement our discussion on the latest progress and challenges in the clinical application of hydrogels and outline future research directions, particularly in terms of integration with advanced biomanufacturing technologies. This review aims to present a comprehensive view and critical insights into the design and selection of hydrogels for both cell therapy and non-cell therapies, tailored to meet the therapeutic requirements of diverse diseases and situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Lu
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Meiqi Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610021, PR China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Ziqi Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Zecong Xiao
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Li H, Wu T, Yu B, Cong H, Shen Y. Nanodrugs based on co-delivery strategies to combat cisplatin resistance. J Control Release 2024; 370:14-42. [PMID: 38615892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP), as a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, is able to bind to DNA and inhibit cell division. Despite the widespread use of cisplatin since its discovery, cisplatin resistance developed during prolonged chemotherapy, similar to other small molecule chemotherapeutic agents, severely limits its clinical application. Cisplatin resistance in cancer cells is mainly caused by three reasons: DNA repair, decreased cisplatin uptake/increased efflux, and cisplatin inactivation. In earlier combination therapies, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells prevented the achievement of the desired therapeutic effect even with the accurate combination of two chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, combination therapy using nanocarriers for co-delivery of drugs is considered to be ideal for alleviating cisplatin resistance and reducing cisplatin-related toxicity in cancer cells. This article provides an overview of the design of cisplatin nano-drugs used to combat cancer cell resistance, elucidates the mechanisms of action of cisplatin and the pathways through which cancer cells develop resistance, and finally discusses the design of drugs and related carriers that can synergistically reduce cancer resistance when combined with cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Taixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bio-nanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu L, Song C, Li H, Gao Y, Zhang J, Gao T, Wei Y, Xu Z, Xue W, Huang S, Wen H, Li Z, Wu J. Oxidized Dextran/Chitosan Hydrogel Engineered with Tetrasulfide-Bridged Silica Nanoparticles for Postsurgical Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2200565. [PMID: 36871156 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and wound microbial infection after tumor excision are serious threats to patients. Thus, the strategy to supply a sufficient and sustained release of cancer drugs and simultaneously engineer antibacterial properties and satisfactory mechanical strength is highly desired for tumor postsurgical treatment. Herein, A novel double-sensitive composite hydrogel embedded with tetrasulfide-bridged mesoporous silica (4S-MSNs) is developed. The incorporation of 4S-MSNs into oxidized dextran/chitosan hydrogel network, not only enhances the mechanical properties of hydrogels, but also can increase the specificity of drug with dual pH/redox sensitivity, thereby allowing more efficient and safer therapy. Besides, 4S-MSNs hydrogel preserves the favorable physicochemical properties of polysaccharide hydrogel, such as high hydrophilicity, satisfactory antibacterial activity, and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the prepared 4S-MSNs hydrogel can be served as an efficient strategy for postsurgical bacterial infection and inhibition of tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Youhua Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhuoran Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Weiming Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Saipeng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Huiyun Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zigang Li
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uppalapati SS, Guha L, Kumar H, Mandoli A. Nanotechnological Advancements for the Theranostic Intervention in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Direction. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:245-270. [PMID: 37424349 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230707155145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the rarest, most aggressive, and undifferentiated class of thyroid cancer, accounting for nearly forty percent of all thyroid cancer-related deaths. It is caused by alterations in many cellular pathways like MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ALK, Wnt activation, and TP53 inactivation. Although many treatment strategies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, have been proposed to treat anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, they are usually accompanied by concerns such as resistance, which may lead to the lethality of the patient. The emerging nanotechnology-based approaches cater the purposes such as targeted drug delivery and modulation in drug release patterns based on internal or external stimuli, leading to an increase in drug concentration at the site of the action that gives the required therapeutic action as well as modulation in diagnostic intervention with the help of dye property materials. Nanotechnological platforms like liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, exosomes, and various nanoparticles are available and are of high research interest for therapeutic intervention in anaplastic thyroid cancer. The pro gression of the disease can also be traced by using magnetic probes or radio-labeled probes and quantum dots that serve as a diagnostic intervention in anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Swetha Uppalapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao J, Song S, Zhao H, Yuan Y. Platinum-based drugs and hydrogel: a promising anti-tumor combination. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2287966. [PMID: 38083803 PMCID: PMC10987050 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2287966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are widely used as first-line anti-tumor chemotherapy agents. However, they also have nonnegligible side effects due to the free drugs in circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient and safe delivery systems for better tumor cell targeting. Hydrogel is a promising anti-tumor drug carrier that can form a platinum/hydrogel combination system for drug release, which has shown better anti-tumor effects in some studies. However, there is a lack of systematic summary in this field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the platinum/hydrogel combination system with the following sections: firstly, an introduction of platinum-based drugs; secondly, an analysis of the platinum/hydrogel combination system; and thirdly, a discussion of the advantages of the hydrogel-based delivery system. We hope this review can offer some insights for the development of the platinum/hydrogel combination system for better cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaojuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Li Z, Yang L, Ma H, Chen H, Zeng X. Architecturally designed sequential-release hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122388. [PMID: 37980822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug synergy has made significant strides in clinical applications in recent decades. However, achieving a platform that enables "single administration, multi-stage release" by emulating the natural physiological processes of the human body poses a formidable challenge in the field of molecular pharmaceutics. Hydrogels, as the novel generation of drug delivery systems, have gained widespread utilization in drug platforms owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and modifiability. Sequential drug delivery hydrogels (SDDHs), which amalgamate the advantages of hydrogel and sequential release platforms, offer a promising solution for effectively navigating the intricate human environment and accomplishing drug sequential release. Inspired by architectural design, this review establishes connections between three pivotal factors in SDDHs construction, namely mechanisms, carrier spatial structure, and stimuli-responsiveness, and three aspects of architectural design, specifically building materials, house structures, and intelligent interactive furniture, aiming at providing insights into recent developments in SDDHs. Furthermore, the dual-drug collocation and cutting-edge hydrogel preparation technologies as well as the prevailing challenges in the field were elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zimu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hualin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang X, Zheng L, Gao L, Zhang L, He J, Wei Y, You J, Li H, Yi C, Luo H. A Local Strategy Toward Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Based on Fibrin Gel for Postsurgical Cancer Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023:S0360-3016(23)00150-5. [PMID: 36796499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative cancer recurrence and metastasis have always been huge challenges in cancer therapy. The concurrent cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemoradiotherapy regimen is a standard therapeutic strategy in some cancer treatments after surgical resection. However, severe side effects and unsatisfactory local tumor concentrations of CDDP have hampered the application of this concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, a superior option that can enhance CDDP-based chemoradiotherapy efficacy with milder concurrent therapy-related toxicity is highly desirable. METHODS AND MATERIALS We developed a platform based on fibrin gel (Fgel) loaded with CDDP to be implanted into the tumor bed after surgery combined with concurrent radiation therapy for the prevention of postoperative local cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. The postoperative subcutaneous tumor mouse models established by incomplete resection of primary tumors were used to evaluate the therapeutic advantages of this chemoradiotherapy regimen for postsurgical treatment. RESULTS The local and sustained release of CDDP from Fgel could enhance the antitumor efficacy of radiation therapy in the residual tumor with lower systemic toxicity. The therapeutic benefits of this approach are demonstrated in breast cancer, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and osteosarcoma mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our work offers a general platform for concurrent chemoradiotherapy to prevent postoperative cancer recurrence and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingnan Zheng
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Health Ward, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlan He
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - YuanFeng Wei
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guliy OI, Staroverov SA, Fomin AS, Zhnichkova EG, Kozlov SV, Lovtsova LG, Dykman LA. Polymeric Micelles for Targeted Drug Delivery System. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|