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Son KH, Lee DS, Park G, Jeon SY, Lee JE, Jeon HJ, Lee S, Park WJ, Shin Y, Kim SG, Lee DS, Han YR, Kim DS, Jeon YH. Discovery and Feasibility Study of Medical Fluorophore 33 as a Novel Theranostic Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45539-45548. [PMID: 37713436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes have garnered significant attention as theranostic platforms owing to their inherent characteristics. In this study, we present the discovery of Medical Fluorophore 33 (MF33), a novel and potent theranostic agent with a phenaleno-isoquinolinium salt structure that can serve as a cancer therapeutic strategy. The synthesis of MF33 is readily achievable through a simple Rh(III)-catalyzed reaction. Moreover, MF33 displayed strong fluorescence signals, excellent microsomal stability, and high biocompatibility in vivo. It induces significant apoptosis in cancer cells via the p53/p21/caspase-3 signaling pathway, leading to selective cytotoxicity in various cancer cells. In vivo fluorescence imaging with MF33 enabled the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in living mice. Notably, repeated intraperitoneal administration of MF33 resulted in antitumor activity in mice with colorectal cancer. Collectively, our findings suggest that phenaleno-isoquinolinium salt-based MF33 is a viable theranostic agent for biomedical imaging and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hee Son
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Sol Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumi Park
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Jeon Jeon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Shin
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research, Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 31414, South Korea
| | - Seong Gon Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research, Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 31414, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ri Han
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research, Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 31414, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDIhub), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Arsenov MA, Muratov DV, Nelyubina YV, Loginov DA. Tandem C-H Annulation Reaction of Benzaldehydes and Aminobenzoic Acids with Two Equivalents of Alkyne toward Isocoumarin-Conjugated Isoquinolinium Salts: A Family of Organic Luminophores. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37327394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel rhodium-catalyzed tandem C-H annulation of commercially available benzaldehydes and aminobenzoic acids with 2 equiv of alkyne is reported for the construction of isocoumarin-conjugated isoquinolinium salts that demonstrate diverse outstanding photoactivity. Depending on the substituents in the isoquinolinium moiety, they display either highly efficient fluorescence (up to 99% of quantum yield) or strong fluorescence quenching, which is provided by the transfer of the HOMO from the isoquinolinium to the isocoumarin moiety. Importantly, the functional groups in the benzaldehyde coupling partner also strongly affect the reaction selectivity, shifting the pathway to the formation of the photoinactive isocoumarin-substituted indenone imines and indenyl amines. Selective formation of the latter can be achieved by using a reduced amount of the oxidizing additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Arsenov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Muratov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Loginov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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Peng Y, Gao L, Pidamaimaiti G, Zhao D, Zhang L, Yin G, Wang F. Facile construction of highly luminescent and biocompatible gold nanoclusters by shell rigidification for two-photon pH-edited cytoplasmic and in vivo imaging. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8342-8348. [PMID: 35635039 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), as a novel fluorescent material, have been extensively explored and developed for bioimaging because of their attractive advantages such as ultrasmall size, low toxicity and exceptional two-photon excitation properties. However, it still remains a challenge to produce water-soluble, biocompatible and ultrabright AuNCs. Herein, we report on a novel one-pot synthesis of highly luminescent and biocompatible AuNCs by using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), a water-soluble polymer, to rigidify the primary stabilizing layer (shell) that is composed of 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT) ligands bound to the particle. Such shell-rigidification resulted in a significant enhancement of the fluorescence efficiency, reaching a quantum yield of 39% under the best conditions, about 35-fold increase from the intrinsically weak fluorescence of the AuNCs stabilized by only ATT. The fluorescence enhancement mechanism was systematically characterized, and the results indicate that PVP coating rigidifies the ATT ligand shell through steric hindrance and reduces the nonradiative relaxation of the excited states. The biocompatible PVP-AuNCs were further examined for two-photon cellular and sentinel lymph node (SLN) bioimaging, and we observed pH-dependent cytoplasmic images and intense green fluorescence in SLN and lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Guligena Pidamaimaiti
- Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Guowei Yin
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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