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Bo T, Zhang J, Zong E, Lv N, Bai B, Yang Y, Zhang J, Fan S. Selective Elucidation of Living Microbial Communities in Fermented Grains of Chinese Baijiu: Development of a Technique Integrating Propidium Monoazide Probe Pretreatment and Amplicon Sequencing. Foods 2024; 13:1782. [PMID: 38891011 PMCID: PMC11171695 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The fermentation process of Chinese Baijiu's fermented grains involves the intricate succession and metabolism of microbial communities, collectively shaping the Baijiu's quality. Understanding the composition and succession of these living microbial communities within fermented grains is crucial for comprehending fermentation and flavor formation mechanisms. However, conducting high-throughput analysis of living microbial communities within the complex microbial system of fermented grains poses significant challenges. Thus, this study addressed this challenge by devising a high-throughput analysis framework using light-flavor Baijiu as a model. This framework combined propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment technology with amplicon sequencing techniques. Optimal PMA treatment parameters, including a concentration of 50 μM and incubation in darkness for 5 min followed by an exposure incubation period of 5 min, were identified. Utilizing this protocol, viable microorganism biomass ranging from 8.71 × 106 to 1.47 × 108 copies/μL was successfully detected in fermented grain samples. Subsequent amplicon sequencing analysis revealed distinct microbial community structures between untreated and PMA-treated groups, with notable differences in relative abundance compositions, particularly in dominant species such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Pediococcus, Saccharomycopsis, Issatchenkia and Pichia, as identified by LEfSe analysis. The results of this study confirmed the efficacy of PMA-amplicon sequencing technology for analyzing living microbial communities in fermented grains and furnished a methodological framework for investigating living microbial communities in diverse traditional fermented foods. This technical framework holds considerable significance for advancing our understanding of the fermentation mechanisms intrinsic to traditional fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.B.); (N.L.)
- Xinghuacun Fenjiu Distillery Co., Ltd., Fenyang 032200, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Enxiang Zong
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Na Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.B.); (N.L.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Baoqing Bai
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yukun Yang
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Sanhong Fan
- Xinghuacun College (Shanxi Institute of Brewing Technology and Industry), Shanxi University, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.Z.); (E.Z.); (B.B.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, No. 63 Nanzhonghuan East Road, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Zhuang L, Gong J, Shen Q, Yang J, Song C, Liu Q, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Zhu M. Advances in detection methods for viable Salmonella spp.: current applications and challenges. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1643-1660. [PMID: 37378821 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common intestinal pathogen that can cause food poisoning and intestinal disease. The high prevalence of Salmonella necessitates efficient and sensitive methods for its identification, detection, and monitoring, especially of viable Salmonella. Conventional culture methods need to be more laborious and time-consuming. And they are relatively limited in their ability to detect Salmonella in the viable but non-culturable status if present in the sample to be tested. As a result, there is an increasing need for rapid and accurate techniques to detect viable Salmonella spp. This paper reviewed the status and progress of various methods reported in recent years that can be used to detect viable Salmonella, such as culture-based methods, molecular methods targeting RNAs and DNAs, phage-based methods, biosensors, and some techniques that have the potential for future application. This review can provide researchers with a reference for additional method options and help facilitate the development of rapid and accurate assays. In the future, viable Salmonella detection approaches will become more stable, sensitive, and fast and are expected to play a more significant role in food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhuang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225125, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Shen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengling Zhu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng D, Qian B, Li Y, Zong K, Ding L, Wang M, Zhou T, Lv X, Zhu K, Yu X, Jiang Y, Wu X, Xue F, Dai J. Quickly assessing disinfection effectiveness to control the spread of African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12611-3. [PMID: 37306707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious African swine fever virus (ASFV) can cause the spread and morbidity of African swine fever, while the inactivated virus cannot. When they are not distinguished separately, the detection results will lack authenticity and cause unnecessary panic and detection cost. The detection technology based on cell culture is complex, high-cost, and time-consuming in practice, which is not conducive to the rapid detection of infectious ASFV. In this study, a propidium monoazide (PMA) qPCR detection method for rapid diagnosis of infectious ASFV was constructed. Parameters of PMA concentration, light intensity, and lighting time were under strict safety verification and comparative analysis for optimization. The results determined that the optimal condition for PMA to pretreat ASFV was the final concentration of PMA 100 μM. The light intensity was 40 W, the light duration was 20 min, the target fragment size of the optimal primer probe was 484 bp, and its detection sensitivity for infectious ASFV was 101.28 HAD50/mL. In addition, the method was innovatively applied to the rapid evaluation of disinfection effect. When ASFV concentration was less than 102.28 HAD50/mL, the method could still be effective for the evaluation of thermal inactivation effect, and the evaluation ability of chlorine-containing disinfectants was better, and the applicable concentration could reach 105.28 HAD50/mL. It is worth mentioning that this method can not only reflect whether the virus is inactivated, but also indirectly reflect the degree of damage to viral nucleic acid caused by disinfectants. In conclusion, the PMA-qPCR constructed in this study can be applied to laboratory diagnosis, disinfection effect evaluation, drug development, and other aspects of infectious ASFV and can provide new technical support for effective prevention and control of ASF. KEY POINTS: • A rapid detection method for infectious ASFV was developed • Provide a new scheme for rapid evaluation of disinfection effect of chlorine-containing disinfectants • PMA-qPCR can simultaneously show the survival status of the virus and the damage of nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource Creation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxu Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource Creation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zong
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Ding
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Wang
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaying Lv
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhu
- BeiJing OriginGene-Tech Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Bolikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215151, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource Creation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanfya, 572000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianjun Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource Creation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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