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Singh N, Sen Gupta R, Bose S. A comprehensive review on singlet oxygen generation in nanomaterials and conjugated polymers for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3243-3268. [PMID: 38265094 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A key role in lessening humanity's continuous fight against cancer could be played by photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive treatment employed in the medical care of a range of benign disorders and malignancies. Cancerous tissue can be effectively removed by using a light source-excited photosensitizer. Singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species are produced via the photosensitizer as a result of this excitation. In the recent past, researchers have put in tremendous efforts towards developing photosensitizer molecules for photodynamic treatment (PDT) to treat cancer. Conjugated polymers, characterized by their efficient fluorescence, exceptional photostability, and strong light absorption, are currently under scrutiny for their potential applications in cancer detection and treatment through photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Researchers are exploring the versatility of these polymers, utilizing sophisticated chemical synthesis and adaptable polymer structures to create new variants with enhanced capabilities for generating singlet oxygen in photodynamic treatment (PDT). The incorporation of photosensitizers into conjugated polymer nanoparticles has proved to be beneficial, as it improves singlet oxygen formation through effective energy transfer. The evolution of nanotechnology has emerged as an alternative avenue for enhancing the performance of current photosensitizers and overcoming significant challenges in cancer PDT. Various materials, including biocompatible metals, polymers, carbon, silicon, and semiconductor-based nanomaterials, have undergone thorough investigation as potential photosensitizers for cancer PDT. This paper outlines the recent advances in singlet oxygen generation by investigators using an array of materials, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2), ytterbium (Yb) and thulium (Tm) co-doped upconversion nanoparticle cores (Yb/Tm-co-doped UCNP cores), bismuth oxychloride nanoplates and nanosheets (BiOCl nanoplates and nanosheets), and others. It also stresses the synthesis and application of systems such as amphiphilic block copolymer functionalized with folic acid (FA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) (PBLA10) (FA-PEG-PBLA10) functionalized with folic acid, tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4), pyrazoline-fused axial silicon phthalocyanine (HY-SiPc), phthalocyanines (HY-ZnPcp, HY-ZnPcnp, and HY-SiPc), silver nanoparticles coated with polyaniline (Ag@PANI), doxorubicin (DOX) and infrared (IR)-responsive poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) (DOX/PEtOx-IR NPs), particularly in NIR imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (fluorescent and photoacoustic). The study puts forward a comprehensive summary and a convincing justification for the usage of the above-mentioned materials in cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Singh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India.
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India.
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He Y, Fan Z, Sun P, Jiang H, Chen Z, Tang G, Hou Z, Sun Y, Yi Y, Shi W, Ge D. Mechanism of Self-Oxidative Copolymerization and its Application with Polydopamine-pyrrole Nano-copolymers. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301405. [PMID: 38168901 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the copolymer of dopamine (DA) and pyrrole (PY) via chemical and electrochemical oxidation usually requires additional oxidants, and lacks flexibility in regulating the size and morphology, thereby limiting the broad applications of DA-PY copolymer in biomedicine. Herein, the semiquinone radicals produced by the self-oxidation of DA is ingeniously utilized as the oxidant to initiate the following copolymerization with PY, and a series of quinone-rich polydopamine-pyrrole copolymers (PDAm -nPY) with significantly enhanced absorption in near-infrared (NIR) region without any additional oxidant assistance is obtained. Moreover, the morphology and size of PDAm -nPY can be regulated by changing the concentration of DA and PY, thereby optimizing nanoscale PDA0.05 -0.15PY particles (≈ 150 nm) with excellent NIR absorption and surface modification activity are successfully synthesized. Such PDA0.05 -0.15PY particles show effective photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) against 4T1 tumors in vivo. Furthermore, other catechol derivatives can also copolymerize with PY under the same conditions. This work by fully utilizing the semiquinone radical active intermediates produced through the self-oxidation of DA reduces the dependence on external oxidants in the synthesis of composite materials and predigests the preparation procedure, which provides a novel, simple, and green strategy for the synthesis of other newly catechol-based functional copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- Institute of Materia Medica & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hairong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Wei Shi
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Dongtao Ge
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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Guo X, Li L, Jia W, Zhang C, Ren W, Liu C, Tang Y. Composite Nanomaterials of Conjugated Polymers and Upconversion Nanoparticles for NIR-Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37975246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have attracted great attention in the field of cancer treatment. However, the individual PDT or PTT makes it difficult to achieve optimal antitumor effects compared to the PDT/PTT combined therapy. Also, the effect of PDT is usually limited by the penetration depth of the UV-vis light source. Herein, we designed and synthesized novel composite nanoparticles UCNPs-CPs, which are constructed from two conjugated polymers and upconversion nanoparticles β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm (UCNPs) via a coordination reaction. By virtue of the excellent spectral overlap between absorption of conjugated polymers and emission of UCNPs, the UCNPs can absorb NIR light and effectively excite conjugated polymers by energy transfer to produce massive reactive oxygen species under 980 nm excitation and heat energy under 808 nm laser irradiation, achieving photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy. The in vitro cellular investigation proves that the dual modal phototherapy exhibits enhanced antitumor ability compared to single PDT or PTT. Furthermore, UCNPs-CPs inhibit tumor growth 100% in a 4T1 breast tumor mice model with both NIR laser irradiation, indicating that UCNPs-CPs is an excellent platform for synergistic PDT/PTT treatment. Thus, this study provides a promising strategy for NIR-triggered dual modal phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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