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Dong T, Shen Q, Tsui GC. Synthesis and application of well-defined [Ph 4P] +[Cu(CF 2CF 3) 2] - complex as a versatile pentafluoroethylating reagent. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11550-11556. [PMID: 39055037 PMCID: PMC11268490 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We herein describe the preparation and application of a new bispentafluoroethylated organocuprate [Ph4P]+[Cu(CF2CF3)2]-. This complex has demonstrated a remarkable range of reactivities towards carboxylic acids, diazonium salts, organic halides, boronic esters, terminal alkynes and (hetero)arenes as a versatile pentafluoroethylating reagent. The construction of C(sp3)-/C(sp2)-/C(sp)-CF2CF3 bonds can therefore be achieved using a single reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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Pan S, Xie Q, Wang X, Huang R, Lu Y, Ni C, Hu J. Controllable Double Difluoromethylene Insertions into S-Cu Bonds: (Arylthio)tetrafluoroethylation of Aryl Iodides with TMSCF 2Br. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400839. [PMID: 38358953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A new method of constructing "ArSCF2CF2Cu" from ArSCu and TMSCF2Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl) has been developed. The cross-coupling reactions of the obtained "ArSCF2CF2Cu" with diverse aryl iodides (Ar'I) provide an efficient access to Ar'CF2CF2SAr. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the "ArSCF2CF2Cu" species were generated through controllable double difluoromethylene insertions into ArS-Cu bonds rather than the 1,2-addition of ArSCu to tetrafluoroethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rumin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Xie Q, Hu J. A Journey of the Development of Privileged Difluorocarbene Reagents TMSCF 2X (X = Br, F, Cl) for Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:693-713. [PMID: 38354302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAs fluorine has played an increasingly important role in modulating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, the selective introduction of fluorine atom(s) or fluorinated moieties into target molecules has become a powerful tool in the development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In this context, the difluoromethylene (CF2) and difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups are of special interest because of their ability to serve as bioisosteres of ethereal oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) groups, respectively. Difluorocarbene is one of the most versatile reactive intermediates to incorporate CF2 and CF2H groups; however, before 2006, most of the previously known difluorocarbene reagents suffered from several drawbacks such as using ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), difficult-to-handle reagents, or harsh reaction conditions or having narrow substrate scope and/or low yields. Moreover, the reactivity of difluorocarbene generated from different precursors (reagents) was often unpredictable, since the difluorocarbene generation conditions (activation modes) of various difluorocarbene precursors are different, and these conditions may mismatch those required for subsequent difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly and versatile difluorocarbene reagents, as well as the investigation of the mechanistic insights into difluorocarbene-involved reactions, has been highly desirable.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. We have developed seven new difluorocarbene reagents, including 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone (1), chlorodifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone (2), S-difluoromethyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulfoximine (3), difluoromethyltri(n-butyl)ammonium chloride (4), (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl, 5), (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Br, 6), and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, 7). In this journey, we realized the key factor for an ideal difluorocarbene reagent that can be used for a broad range of reactions, that is, the reagent should allow various activation modes for the generation of difluorocarbene species, such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents, which are compatible with a wide range of difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Among all known difluorocarbene reagents, silanes TMSCF2X (X = Br, F, Cl) have stood out as privileged ones, which paves a new avenue for further developing difluorocarbene chemistry. In particular, TMSCF2Br was recognized as an "all-rounder": TMSCF2Br can be applied in almost all common difluorocarbene-involved reactions, and more importantly, TMSCF2Br also enables many other novel transformations that other difluorocarbene reagents cannot achieve, thanks to its unique structure and rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions. It can be expected that with the commercial availability of TMSCF2X reagents (X = Br, F, Cl) now, the development of difluorocarbene chemistry will be accelerated in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Shi X, Yu B, Zhou X, Yang Y. Photoinduced selective perfluoroalkylation of terminal alkynes via electron donor-acceptor complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2532-2535. [PMID: 38329183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoinduced selective perfluoroalkylation of terminal alkynes driven by the noncovalent interaction between a thymol anion and fluoroalkyl iodides. By precisely tuning the reaction solvent, a wide range of 37 structurally diverse perfluoroalkylated alkynes and alkenes, including ibuprofen, empagliflozin, galactose, isoxepac and indomethacin, were obtained in up to 92% yields. Mechanistic studies reveal the formation of EDA complexes between the thymol anion and fluoroalkyl iodides. This strategy may provide an important complement to traditional approaches to prepare useful perfluoroalkylated alkynes and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu A, Zhang X, Zhao F, Ni C, Hu J. Controllable Fluorocarbon Chain Elongation: TMSCF 2Br-Enabled Trifluorovinylation and Pentafluorocyclopropylation of Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1806-1812. [PMID: 38193677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Controllable fluorocarbon chain elongation (CFCE) is a promising yet underdeveloped strategy for the well-defined synthesis of structurally novel polyfluorinated compounds. Herein, the direct and efficient trifluorovinylation and pentafluorocyclopropylation of aldehydes are described by using TMSCF2Br (TMS = trimethylsilyl) as the sole fluorocarbon source, accomplishing the goals of CFCE from C1 to C2 and from C1 to C3, respectively. The key to the success of these CFCE processes lies in the unique and diversified chemical reactivity of TMSCF2Br, which can serve as two different precursors, namely, a TMSCF2 radical precursor and a difluorocarbene precursor. Various functional groups are amenable to this new synthetic protocol, providing streamlined access to a broad range of alcohols containing trifluorovinyl or pentafluorocyclopropyl moieties from abundantly available aldehydes. The potential utility of these methods is further demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis, derivatization, and measurement of log P values of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu A, Ni C, Xie Q, Hu J. Transition-Metal-Free Controllable Single and Double Difluoromethylene Formal Insertions into C-H Bonds of Aldehydes with TMSCF 2 Br. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217088. [PMID: 36517973 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new strategy for controllable single and double difluoromethylene (CF2 ) formal insertions into C-H bonds of aldehydes with nearly full selectivity under transition-metal-free conditions. The key to the success of controllable CF2 insertions lies in the well-defined formation of 2,2-difluoroenolsilyl ether and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ether intermediates using difluorocarbene reagent TMSCF2 Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl). These two intermediates can react with various electrophiles including proton sources and various halogenation reagents, allowing for the access to diverse arrays of ketones containing difluoromethylene (CF2 ) and tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 CF2 ) units. The first synthesis of relatively stable 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ethers has been achieved, which offers a new platform to explore other unknown chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Shi X, Song T, Li Q, Guo X, Yang Y. Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyzed Switchable Divergent Perfluoroalkylation of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8724-8728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
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