1
|
Haridas SV, von Delius M. Synthesis and supramolecular properties of all- cis-2,4,6-trifluorocyclohexane-1,3,5-triol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:606-609. [PMID: 38099916 PMCID: PMC10783651 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of all-cis fluorinated cyclohexanes bearing three hydroxy, ether or ester functionalities in the non-fluorinated positions. These tripodal molecules have a high dipole moment of up to 6.3 debye and were successfully used to bind anions and form gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamkumar V Haridas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Hagan D. The Emergence and Properties of Selectively Fluorinated 'Janus' Cyclohexanes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300027. [PMID: 37016509 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
This account describes the evolution of a research programme that started by linking fluoromethylene (-CHF-) groups along aliphatic chains and then progressing to alicyclic rings with contiguous fluorine atoms. Different stereoisomers of aliphatic chains tend to adopt low polarity conformations. In order to force polar conformations, the programme began to address ring systems and in particular cyclohexanes, to restrain conformational freedom and co-aligned C-F bonds. The flagship molecule, all-cis-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexafluorocyclohexane 7, emerged to be the most polar aliphatic compound recorded. The polarity arises because there are three co-aligned triaxial C-F bonds and the six fluorines occupy one face of the ring. Conversely the electropositive hydrogens occupy the other face. These have been termed Janus face cyclohexanes after the Roman god with two faces. The review outlines progress by our group and others in preparing derivatives of the parent cyclohexane 7, in order to explore properties and potential applications of these Janus cyclohexanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David O'Hagan
- University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Melnykov KP, Nazar K, Smyrnov O, Skreminskyi A, Pavlenko S, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Shishkina S, Volochnyuk DM, Grygorenko OO. Mono- and Difluorinated Saturated Heterocyclic Amines for Drug Discovery: Systematic Study of Their Physicochemical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301383. [PMID: 37318940 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of physicochemical properties (pKa , LogP, and intrinsic microsomal clearance) within the series of mono- and difluorinated azetidine, pyrrolidine, and piperidine derivatives was performed. While the number of fluorine atoms and their distance to the protonation center were the major factors defining the compound's basicity, both pKa and LogP values were affected considerably by the conformational preferences of the corresponding derivatives. For example, features of "Janus face" (facially polarized) cyclic compounds (i. e., unusually high hydrophilicity) were identified for cis-3,5-difluoropiperidine, preferring a diaxial conformation. Intrinsic microsomal clearance measurements demonstrated high metabolic stability of the compounds studied (with a single exception of the 3,3-difluoroazetidine derivative). According to pKa - LogP plots, the title compounds provide a valuable extension of the fluorine-containing (e. g., fluoroalkyl-substituted) saturated heterocyclic amine series as building blocks for rational optimization studies in early drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn Nazar
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Smyrnov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Serhii Pavlenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Svitlana Shishkina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 5, Kyїv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 5, Kyїv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu C, Piscelli BA, Maharik NA, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cormanich RA, O'Hagan D. Unexpected triaxial preferences in some all- syn 1,3,5-trifluorocyclohexanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12855-12858. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theory and solution NMR indicate that all-syn 1,3,5-trifluorocyclohexane adopts the expected tri-equatorial conformation, however in the solid state the more polar triaxial conformation is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Yu
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Bruno A. Piscelli
- University of Campinas, Chemistry Institute, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Nawaf Al Maharik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - David B. Cordes
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Rodrigo A. Cormanich
- University of Campinas, Chemistry Institute, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - David O'Hagan
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|