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Goswami A, Ghorai A, Pal D, Banerjee S, Biradha K. Proton Conducting Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) via Post Synthetic Transmetallation and Water Induced Structural Transformations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402165. [PMID: 38925585 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Post Synthetic Modification (PSM) of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is a crucial strategy for developing new MOFs with enhanced functional properties compared to their parent one. PSM can be accomplished through various methods:1) modification of organic linkers; 2) exchange of metal ions or nodes; and 3) inclusion or exchange of solvent/guest molecules. Herein, PSM of bimetallic and monometallic MOFs containing biphenyl dinitro-tetra-carboxylates (NCA) are demonstrated. The tetra carboxylate NCA, produces monometallic Cd-MOF-1 and Cu-MOF-1 and bimetallic CoZn-MOF in solvothermal reactions with the corresponding metal salts. The CoZn-MOF undergoes post-synthetic transmetallation with Cd(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2 in aqueous solution to yield Cd-MOF-2 and Cu-MOF-2, respectively. Additionally, green crystals of Cu-MOF-1 found to undergo a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation to blue crystals of Cu-MOF-3 upon dipped into water at room temperature. These MOFs demonstrate notable proton conductivities ranging from 10-3 to 10-4 S cm-1 under variable temperatures and humidity levels. Among them, Cu-MOF-3 achieves the highest proton conductivity of 1.36×10-3 S cm-1 at 90 °C and 98 % relative humidity, attributed to its continuous and extensive hydrogen bonding network, which provides effective proton conduction pathways within the MOF. This work highlights a convenient strategy for designing proton-conducting MOFs via post-synthetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, India
| | - Arijit Ghorai
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debasis Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, India
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, India
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Ren M, Zhao B, Li C, Fei Y, Wang X, Fan L, Hu T, Zhang X. Defect-engineered indium-organic framework displays the higher CO 2 adsorption and more excellent catalytic performance on the cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxides under mild conditions. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10956-z. [PMID: 39141206 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In order to achieve the high adsorption and catalytic performance of CO2, the direct self-assembly of robust defect-engineered MOFs is a scarcely reported and challenging proposition. Herein, a highly robust nanoporous indium(III)-organic framework of {[In2(CPPDA)(H2O)3](NO3)·2DMF·3H2O}n (NUC-107) consisting of two kinds of inorganic units of chain-shaped [In(COO)2(H2O)]n and watery binuclear [In2(COO)4(H2O)8] was generated by regulating the growth environment. It is worth mentioning that [In2(COO)4(H2O)8] is very rare in terms of its richer associated water molecules, implying that defect-enriched metal ions in the activated host framework can serve as strong Lewis acid. Compared to reported skeleton of [In4(CPPDA)2(μ3-OH)2(DMF)(H2O)2]n (NUC-66) with tetranuclear clusters of [In4(μ3-OH)2(COO)10(DMF)(H2O)2] as nodes, the void volume of NUC-107 (50.7%) is slightly lower than the one of NUC-66 (52.8%). However, each In3+ ion in NUC-107 has an average of 1.5 coordinated small molecules (H2O), which far exceeds the average of 0.75 in NUC-66 (H2O and DMF). After thermal activation, NUC-107a characterizes the merits of unsaturated In3+ sites, free pyridine moieties, solvent-free nanochannels (10.2 × 15.7 Å2). Adsorption tests prove that the host framework of NUC-107a has a higher CO2 adsorption (113.2 cm3/g at 273 K and 64.8 cm3/g at 298 K) than NUC-66 (91.2 cm3/g at 273 K and 53.0 cm3/g at 298 K). Catalytic experiments confirmed that activated NUC-107a with the aid of n-Bu4NBr was capable of efficiently catalyzing the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides into corresponding cyclic carbonates under the mild conditions. Under the similar conditions of 0.10 mol% MOFs, 0.5 mol% n-Bu4NBr, 0.5 MP CO2, 60 °C and 3 h, compared with NUC-66a, the conversion of SO to SC catalyzed by NUC-107a increased by 21%. Hence, this work offers a valuable perspective that the in situ creation of robust defect-engineered MOFs can be realized by regulating the growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuoping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiutang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China.
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Goswami A, Ghosh D, Garai A, Pradhan D, Biradha K. Bimetallic Organic Frameworks via In Situ Solvothermal Sol-Gel-Crystal and Sol-Crystal Transformation as Durable Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7303-7313. [PMID: 38597285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The in situ solvothermal conversion of metal-organic gels (MOGs) to crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represents a versatile and ingenious strategy that has been employed for the synthesis of MOF materials with specific morphologies, high yield, and improved functional properties. Herein, we have adopted an in situ solvothermal conversion of bimetallic MOGs to crystalline bimetallic MOFs with the aim of introducing a redox-active metal heterogeneity into the monometallic counterpart. The formation of bimetallic NiZn-MOF and CoZn-MOF via in situ solvothermal sol-gel-crystal and sol-crystal transformation is found to depend on the solvent systems used. The sol-to-gel-to-crystal transformation of NiZn-MOF via the formation of NiZn-MOG is found to occur through the gradual disruption of gel fibers leading to subsequent formation of microcrystals and single crystals of NiZn-MOF. These bimetallic MOFs and MOGs serve as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with an excellent methanol tolerance property, which can be attributed to the enhanced mass and charge transfer, higher oxygen vacancies, and bimetallic synergistic interactions among the heterometals. This work demonstrates a convenient strategy for producing bimetallic MOGs to MOFs through the introduction of a redox-active metal heterogeneity in the inorganic hybrid functional materials for fundamental and applied research. Our results connect MOGs and MOFs which have been regarded as having opposite physical states, that is, soft vs hard, and provide promising structural correlation between MOGs and MOFs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Debanjali Ghosh
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Abhijit Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
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Jin H, Xu X, Yu X, Yu S, Wang S, Qu X. Bimetallic Organic Gel for Effective Methyl Orange Dye Adsorption. Gels 2024; 10:208. [PMID: 38534626 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A bimetallic organic gel (MOG-Fe/Al) was synthesized through the solvothermal method. The gel state of the product obtained under optimized gel formation conditions is sufficient to carry 2 g of weight for a long time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the structures and morphologies of the synthesized materials. MOG-Fe/Al, with good stability, excellent durability, and wide applicability, exhibited efficient MO adsorption capacity as high as 335.88 mg/g at 25 °C. Adsorption-influencing factors including solution pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The adsorption performance of the bimetallic organic gel was better than that of the monometallic organic gels (MOG-Fe and MOG-Al), and its adsorption processes were in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isothermal models. The excellent adsorption capacity of the MOG-Fe/Al is due to its surface structure, pore volume, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 45 Chengde Street, Jilin 132073, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 45 Chengde Street, Jilin 132073, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 45 Chengde Street, Jilin 132073, China
| | - Shihua Yu
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 45 Chengde Street, Jilin 132073, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 45 Chengde Street, Jilin 132073, China
| | - Xiaoshu Qu
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 45 Chengde Street, Jilin 132073, China
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Sultana S, Mandal R, Biradha K. Photo-responsive metal-organic gels of rigid phenylene-1,3-di-substituted angular dienes with metal halides: gel-to-gel transformations triggered by [2 + 2] polymerization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4797-4804. [PMID: 38372160 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the first report on gel-to-gel transformations via [2 + 2] photopolymerization in MOGs of metal halides and rigid dienes is presented. The MOGs and their xerogels show exceptional ability to undergo [2 + 2] polymerisation upon UV irradiation. Gel-to-gel transformations are very rare as the post-modification of gelators weakens the gel and transforms it to a sol. Such transformations change the molecular assemblies into gels with altered mechanical and chemical properties. These phenomena pave the way to synthesize new MOGs with improved rigidity that cannot be synthesized otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Rajorshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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Lv H, Fan L, Hu T, Jiao C, Zhang X. A highly robust cluster-based indium(III)-organic framework with efficient catalytic activity in cycloaddition of CO 2 and Knoevenagel condensation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3420-3430. [PMID: 36815544 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficient catalytic performance displayed by MOFs is decided by an appropriate charge/radius ratio of defect metal sites, large enough solvent-accessible channels and Lewis base sites capable of polarizing substrate molecules. Herein, the solvothermal self-assembly led to a highly robust nanochannel-based framework of {[In4(CPDD)2(μ3-OH)2(DMF)(H2O)2]·2DMF·5H2O}n (NUC-66) with a 56.8% void volume, which is a combination of a tetranuclear cluster [In4(μ3-OH)2(COO)10(DMF)(H2O)2] (abbreviated as {In4}) and a conjugated tetracyclic pentacarboxylic acid ligand of 4,4'-(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H5CPDD). To the best of our knowledge, NUC-66 is a rarely reported {In4}-based 3D framework with embedded hierarchical triangular-microporous (2.9 Å) and hexagonal-nanoporous (12.0 Å) channels, which are shaped by six rows of {In4} clusters. After solvent exchange and vacuum drying, the surface of nanochannels in desolvated NUC-66a is modified by unsaturated In3+ ions, Npyridine atoms and μ3-OH groups, all of which display polarization ability towards polar molecules due to their Lewis acidity or basicity. The catalytic experiments performed showed that NUC-66a had high catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides with CO2 under mild conditions, which should be ascribed to its structural advantages including nanoscale channels, rich bifunctional active sites, large surface areas and chemical stability. Moreover, NUC-66a, as a heterogeneous catalyst, could greatly accelerate the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of aldehydes and malononitrile. Hence, this work confirms that the development of rigid nanoporous cluster-based MOFs built on metal ions with a high charge and large radius ratio will be more likely to realize practical applications, such as catalysis, adsorption and separation of gas, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tuoping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenxu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiutang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
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