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Wijesinghe U, Tetlow WD, Maiello P, Fleck N, O’Dowd G, Beattie NS, Longo G, Hutter OS. Crystalline Antimony Selenide Thin Films for Optoelectronics through Photonic Curing. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6027-6037. [PMID: 38947981 PMCID: PMC11209937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Thermal annealing is the most common postdeposition technique used to crystallize antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin films. However, due to slow processing speeds and a high energy cost, it is incompatible with the upscaling and commercialization of Sb2Se3 for future photovoltaics. Herein, for the first time, a fast-annealing technique that uses millisecond light pulses to deliver energy to the sample is adapted to cure thermally evaporated Sb2Se3 films. This study demonstrates how photonic curing (PC) conditions affect the outcome of Sb2Se3 phase conversion from amorphous to crystalline by evaluating the films' crystalline, morphological, and optical properties. We show that Sb2Se3 is readily converted under a variety of different conditions, but the zone where suitable films for optoelectronic applications are obtained is a small region of the parameter space. Sb2Se3 annealing with short pulses (<3 ms) shows significant damage to the sample, while using longer pulses (>5 ms) and a 4-5 J cm-2 radiant energy produces (211)- and (221)-oriented crystalline Sb2Se3 with minimal to no damage to the sample. A proof-of-concept photonically cured Sb2Se3 photovoltaic device is demonstrated. PC is a promising annealing method for large-area, high-throughput annealing of Sb2Se3 with various potential applications in Sb2Se3 photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udari Wijesinghe
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Tetlow
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Maiello
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Fleck
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme O’Dowd
- Jaguar
Landrover, Banbury Road, Gaydon CV35 0RR, United Kingdom
| | - Neil S. Beattie
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver S. Hutter
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8QH, United Kingdom
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Kaur A, Goswami T, Babu KJ, Ghosh HN. Ultrafast Electron and Hole Transfer and Efficient Charge Separation in a Sb 2Se 3/CdS Thin Film p-n Heterojunction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3541-3548. [PMID: 38526219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Harvesting solar energy for different applications requires the continuous development of new semiconducting materials to exploit a broad part of the solar spectrum. In this direction, antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has attracted a tremendous amount of attention over the past few years as a light-harvesting material for photovoltaic device applications owing to its phase stability, high absorption coefficient, earth abundance, and low toxicity. Here, we have fabricated a high-quality heterojunction of a p-type Sb2Se3 film and an n-type CdS film using the thermal evaporation technique. The photocurrent of the heterosystem was significantly higher than that of the pristine materials. This optoelectronic response was investigated using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. TA study reveals the existence of an instantaneous electron transfer from Sb2Se3 to CdS, accompanied by a substantial charge separation at the heterojunction. Our study deals with the investigation of a well-designed p-n device, paving the way for the fabrication of highly efficient photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Tanmay Goswami
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | | | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
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Li Y, Wu J, Zheng Y, Fan Y, Bian T, Fan X, Masendu SV, Xu J, Shao Z. Hydration deactivation mechanism of the 〈100〉 oriented cuprous oxide photocathodes in solar water splitting and the regenerated three-dimensional structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1625-1629. [PMID: 38170902 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocorrosion is the most ticklish problem of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), and it is widely assumed that the deactivation of Cu2O photocathodes in solar water splitting is caused by spontaneous oxidation-reduction (REDOX) reactions. However, this work shows that 〈100〉-oriented Cu2O photocathodes undergo a non-REDOX hydration deactivation mechanism. Briefly, water molecules are embedded in the Cu2O crystals at low potential under illumination and produce amorphous CuOH, which can be dehydrated at high potential to heal the Cu-O-Cu bonds and regenerate foamed Cu2O films with a three-dimensional skeleton structure. This study provides a new insight towards the protection and application of Cu2O photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiating Wu
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuhe Zheng
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yajing Fan
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ting Bian
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinyu Fan
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Santana Vimbai Masendu
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junhua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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