1
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Hu H, Xia L, Li G, Chen Y. Recent progress of porous cage materials in sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400415. [PMID: 39118576 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Porous cage materials with certain dimensions, sizes, shapes, and functions have been regarded as promising materials for sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection process. In contrast to infinite frameworks such as metal-organic frameworks or covalent organic frameworks, porous cage materials are constructed from discrete molecules containing at least one internal cavity. The well-defined cavities in porous cage materials provide opportunities for non-covalent interactions. These interactions can be programmed into the ligand design or supramolecular cage constructing using the cages as building blocks, offering various host-guest recognition with great selectivity. In this review, we desire to elucidate the fundamental principles governing the design and fabrication of porous cage materials with well-defined cavities, good solvent processability, and modifiable groups, the applications of these porous cage materials in sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection were discussed. The recent advantages of porous cage materials for the analysis process were summarized. We state the potential of these materials and provide an outlook for further application strategies. We expect that this review can inspire interest in the porous cage materials research area for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
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2
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Yu Y, Hu Y, Ning C, Shi W, Yang A, Zhao Y, Cao ZY, Xu Y, Du P. BINOL-Based Chiral Macrocycles and Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407034. [PMID: 38708741 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, a fundamental principle in chemistry, biology, and medicine, is prevalent in nature and in organisms. Chiral molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, are crucial in biomolecular synthesis, as well as in the development of functional materials. Among these, 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) stands out for its stable chiral configuration, versatile functionality, and commercial availability. BINOL is widely employed in asymmetric catalysis and chiral materials. This review mainly focuses on recent research over the past five years concerning the use of BINOL derivatives for constructing chiral macrocycles and cages. Their contributions to chiral luminescence, enantiomeric separation, transmembrane transport, and asymmetric catalysis were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Yaning Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Chengbing Ning
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Wudi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Ao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
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3
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Mohan M, Pham DJ, Fluck A, Chapuis S, Chaumont A, Kauffmann B, Barloy L, Mobian P. A Chiral [2+3] Covalent Organic Cage Based on 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) Units. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400458. [PMID: 38427204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A [2+3] chiral covalent organic cage is produced through a dynamic covalent chemistry approach by mixing two readily available building units, viz. an enantiopure 3,3'-diformyl 2,2'-BINOL compound (A) with a triamino spacer (B). The two enantiomeric (R,R,R) and (S,S,S) forms of the cage C are formed nearly quantitatively thanks to the reversibility of the imine linkage. The X-ray diffraction analysis of cage (S,S,S)-C highlights that the six OH functions of the BINOL fragments are positioned inside the cage cavity. Upon reduction of the imine bonds of cage C, the amine cage D is obtained. The ability of the cage D to host the 1-phenylethylammonium cation (EH+) as a guest is evaluated through UV, CD and DOSY NMR studies. A higher binding constant for (R)-EH+ cation (Ka=1.7 106±10 % M-1) related to (S)-EH+ (Ka=0.9 106±10 % M-1) is determined in the presence of the (R,R,R)-D cage. This enantiopreference is in close agreement with molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun Mohan
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - David-Jérôme Pham
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Fluck
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Simon Chapuis
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulations Moléculaires, UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulations Moléculaires, UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, US1, UAR 3033, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Barloy
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Mobian
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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4
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Wang Y, Zhong H, Zhao B, Deng J. High Internal Phase Emulsion for Constructing Chiral Helical Polymer-Based Circularly Polarized Luminescent Porous Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17918-17926. [PMID: 38535995 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), as an interesting class of porous materials, are of great significance for the development of CPL porous materials but have not been reported so far. Herein, we report the construction of polyHIPE-based CPL porous materials, taking advantage of an adsorption strategy. The pristine polyHIPEs constructed by chiral helical polymers, which acted as a chiral microenvironment, were fabricated by coordination polymerization of chiral acetylene monomers (R/S-SA) using HIPEs as templates. Achiral fluorescent small molecules were dispersed in the pores of the 3D porous organic chiral polymer matrix provided by polyHIPEs through the adsorption strategy, and CPL-active porous materials with blue, cyan, and green emissions were constructed using a fluorescence-selective absorption mechanism that does not rely on chirality transfer at the molecular level. The maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) value was -2.6 × 10-2. This work establishes a new and simple way for developing CPL porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Biao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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5
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Zou D, Dong X, Tong T, Gao W, He S, Li Z, Yang L, Cao X. Enhancing Iodine Capture of Porous Organic Cages through N-Heteroatom Engineering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5959-5967. [PMID: 38449109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Iodine radioisotopes, produced or released during nuclear-related activities, severely affect human health and the environment. The efficient removal of radioiodine from both aqueous and vapor phases is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this study, we propose an "N-heteroatom engineering" strategy to design three porous organic cages with N-containing functional groups for efficient iodine capture. Among the molecular cages investigated, FT-Cage incorporating tertiary amine groups and RT-Cage with secondary amine groups show higher adsorption capacity and much faster iodine release compared to IT-Cage with imine groups. Detailed investigations demonstrate the superiority of amine groups, along with the influence of crystal structures and porosity, for iodine capture. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of porous organic cages with enhanced capabilities for capturing iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas (Putian University) Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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6
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Wang K, Tang X, Anjali BA, Dong J, Jiang J, Liu Y, Cui Y. Chiral Covalent Organic Cages: Structural Isomerism and Enantioselective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6638-6651. [PMID: 38415351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic cages are a prominent class of discrete porous architectures; however, their structural isomerism remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the structural isomerism of chiral covalent organic cages that renders distinct enantioselective catalytic properties. Imine condensations of tetra-topic 5,10-di(3,5-diformylphenyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine and ditopic 1,2-cyclohexanediamine produce two chiral [4 + 8] organic cage isomers with totally different topologies and geometries that depend on the orientations of four tetraaldehyde units with respect to each other. One isomer (PN-1) has an unprecedented Johnson-type J26 structure, whereas another (PN-2) adopts a tetragonal prismatic structure. After the reduction of the imine linkages, the cages are transformed into two amine bond-linked isomers PN-1R and PN-2R. After binding to Ni(II) ions, both can serve as efficient catalysts for asymmetric Michael additions, whereas PN-2R affords obviously higher enantioselectivity and reactivity than PN-1R presumably because of its large cavity and open windows that can concentrate reactants for the reactions. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm that the enantioselective catalytic performance varies depending on the isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bai Amutha Anjali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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7
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Wang Z, Zhang QP, Guo F, Ma H, Liang ZH, Yi CH, Zhang C, Chen CF. Self-similar chiral organic molecular cages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:670. [PMID: 38253630 PMCID: PMC10803742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The endeavor to enhance utility of organic molecular cages involves the evolution of them into higher-level chiral superstructures with self-similar, presenting a meaningful yet challenging. In this work, 2D tri-bladed propeller-shaped triphenylbenzene serves as building blocks to synthesize a racemic 3D tri-bladed propeller-shaped helical molecular cage. This cage, in turn, acts as a building block for a pair of higher-level 3D tri-bladed chiral helical molecular cages, featuring multilayer sandwich structures and displaying elegant characteristics with self-similarity in discrete superstructures at different levels. The evolutionary procession of higher-level cages reveals intramolecular self-shielding effects and exclusive chiral narcissistic self-sorting behaviors. Enantiomers higher-level cages can be interconverted by introducing an excess of corresponding chiral cyclohexanediamine. In the solid state, higher-level cages self-assemble into supramolecular architectures of L-helical or D-helical nanofibers, achieving the scale transformation of chiral characteristics from chiral atoms to microscopic and then to mesoscopic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Technology Institute, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China.
| | - Qing-Pu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Technology Institute, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zi-Hui Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Technology Institute, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Chang-Hai Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Technology Institute, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Shang W, Wang Y, Zhu X, Liang T, Du C, Xiang J, Liu M. Helical Cage Rotors Switched on by Brake Molecule with Variable Fluorescence and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27639-27649. [PMID: 38054305 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
While chiral molecular rotors have unique frames and cavities to possibly generate switchable chiroptical functions, it still remains a formidable challenge to precisely restrict their rotations to activate certain functions such as fluorescence as well as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), which are strongly related to the local molecular rotations. Herein, we design a pair of enantiopure helical cage rotors, which emit light neither at the molecular state nor in the crystal or aggregation states, although they contain luminophore groups. However, upon mounting with fluoroaromatic borane (TFPB) as a molecular brake, the phenyl rotation of the helical cage can be effectively hindered and fluorescence and CPL activities of the molecular cage are switched on. Crystal structure analysis reveals that the rotation is restricted through synergistic B-O-H-N bonding and a fluoroaromatic-aromatic (ArF-Ar) dipole interaction. Moreover, the helical cages are switched on stepwise with color-variable fluorescence and CPL by the inner brake in the molecular state and the outer brake in the supramolecular assemblies, respectively. This work not only provides the design idea of chiroptical molecular rotors but also unveils how fluorescence and CPL could be generated in cage rotor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tongling Liang
- BNLMS, Center for Physicochemical Analysis and Measurement, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cong Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- BNLMS, Center for Physicochemical Analysis and Measurement, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
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9
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La Cognata S, Amendola V. Recent applications of organic cages in sensing and separation processes in solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13668-13678. [PMID: 37902039 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic cages are three-dimensional polycyclic compounds of great interest in the scientific community due to their unique features, which generally include simple synthesis based on the dynamic covalent chemistry strategies, structural tunability and high selectivity. In this feature article, we present the advances over the last ten years in the application of organic cages as chemosensors or components in chemosensing devices for the determination of analytes (pollutants, analytes of biological interest) in complex aqueous media including wine, fruit juice, urine. Details on the recent applications of organic cages as selective (back-)extractants or masking agents for potential applications in relevant separation processes, such as the plutonium and uranium recovery by extraction, are also provided. Over the last ten years, organic cages with permanent porosity in the liquid and solid states have been highly appreciated as porous materials able to discriminate molecules of different sizes. These features, combined with good solvent processability and film-forming tendency, have proved useful in the fabrication of membranes for gas separation, solvent nanofiltration and water remediation processes. An overview of the recent applications of organic cages in membrane separation technologies is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia La Cognata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, I-27100, Italy.
| | - Valeria Amendola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, I-27100, Italy.
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Yin C, Yan ZA, Ma X. A supramolecular assembly strategy towards organic luminescent materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13421-13433. [PMID: 37877212 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular organic luminescent materials with different dimensionalities usually exhibit different optical properties as well as their potential applications in various fields. Recent reports showed that non-covalent interactions are useful tools to obtain diverse luminescent materials due to their dynamicity and reversibility, including π-π stacking, host-guest interactions, hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic effects and so on. In this review, we summarized recent progress in zero-, one-, two-, three-dimensional and disordered organic luminescent materials using the aforementioned strategies, in order to provide a solution for designing luminescent materials with specific structures and morphologies. The relationship between assembly behavior and luminescent properties is discussed in detail, along with the existing difficulties hindering the development of supramolecular assembly systems and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Yin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Ang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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11
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Maji S, Samanta J, Samanta K, Natarajan R. Emissive Click Cages. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301985. [PMID: 37498735 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of cofacial organic cage molecules containing aggregation-induced emissive (AIE) luminogens (AIEgens) through four-fold Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reactions. The shorter AIEgen, tetraphenylethylene (TPE), afforded two orientational isomers (TPE-CC-1A and TPE-CC-1B). The longer AIEgen, tetrabiphenylethylene (TBPE), afforded a single isomer (TBPE-CC-2). The click reaction employed is irreversible, yet it yielded remarkable four-fold click products above 40 %. The phenyl rings around the ethylene core generate propeller-shaped chirality owing to their orientation, which influences the chirality of the resulting cages. The shorter cages are a mixture of PP/MM isomers, while the longer ones are a mixture of PM/MP isomers, as evidenced by their x-ray structures. The newly synthesized cage molecules are emissive even in dilute solutions (THF) and exhibit enhanced AIE upon the addition of water. The aggregated cage molecules in aqueous solution exhibit turn-off emission sensing of nitroaromatic explosives, with selectivity to picric acid in the 25-38 nanomolar detection range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Maji
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayanta Samanta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Krishanu Samanta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Near-Miss Symmetric Polyhedral Cages. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the experimental discovery of several nearly symmetric protein cages, we define the concept of homogeneous symmetric congruent equivalent near-miss polyhedral cages made out of P-gons. We use group theory to parameterize the possible configurations and we minimize the irregularity of the P-gons numerically to construct all such polyhedral cages for P=6 to P=20 with deformation of up to 10%.
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