Aggregation-induced circularly polarized phosphorescence of Pt(II) complexes with an axially chiral BINOL ligand

Platinum complexes with aggregation-induced emission

Transition metal-containing materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have brought new opportunities for the development of biological probes, optoelectronic materials, stimuli-responsive materials, sensors, and detectors. Coordination compounds containing the platinum metal have emerged as a promising option for constructing effective AIE platinum complexes. In this review, we classified AIE platinum complexes based on the number of ligands. We focused on the development and performance of AIE platinum complexes with different numbers of ligands and discussed the impact of platinum ion coordination and ligand structure variation on the optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, this review analyzes and summarizes the influence of molecular geometries, stacking models, and aggregation environments on the optoelectronic performance of these complexes. We provided a comprehensive overview of the AIE mechanisms exhibited by various AIE platinum complexes. Based on the unique properties of AIE platinum complexes with different numbers of ligands, we systematically summarized their applications in electronics, biological fields, etc. Finally, we illustrated the challenges and opportunities for future research on AIE platinum complexes, aiming at giving a comprehensive summary and outlook on the latest developments of functional AIE platinum complexes and also encouraging more researchers to contribute to this promising field.

Aggregation-induced enhanced fluorescence emission of chiral Zn(II) complexes coordinated by Schiff-base type binaphthyl ligands

A pair of novel chiral Zn(II) complexes coordinated by Schiff-base type ligands derived from BINOL (1,1'-bi-2-naphthol), R-/S-Zn, were synthesized. X-ray crystallography revealed the presence of two crystallographically independent complexes; one has a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal structure coordinated by two binaphthyl ligands and one disordered methanol molecule (molecule A), while the other has a distorted tetrahedral structure coordinated by two binaphthyl ligands (molecule B). Numerous CH⋯π and CH⋯O interactions were identified, contributing to the formation of a 3-dimensional rigid network structure. Both R-/S-Zn exhibited fluorescence in both CH2Cl2 solutions and powder samples, with the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of powder samples being twice as large as those in solutions, indicating aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE). The AIEE properties were attributed to the restraint of the molecular motion arising from the 3-dimensional intermolecular interactions. CD and CPL spectra were observed for R-/S-Zn in both solutions and powders. The dissymmetry factors, gabs and gCPL values, were within the order of 10-3 to 10-4 magnitudes, comparable to those reported for chiral Zn(II) complexes in previous studies.

Circularly polarized phosphorescence with a large dissymmetry factor from a helical platinum(II) complex

A chiral platinum(II) complex with a helical Schiff-base [4]helicene ligand exhibits intense red circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) with a glum of 0.010 in the dilute solution state. The intense CPP was caused by a change in the electronic transition character based on the induction of the helical structure.

Luminescent Behavior of Zn(II) and Mn(II) Halide Derivatives of 4-Phenyldinaphtho[2,1-d:1',2'-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 4-Oxide and Single-Crystal X-ray Structure Determination of the Ligand

The two enantiomers of chiral phosphonate 4-phenyldinaphtho[2,1-d:1',2'-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 4-oxide, O=PPh(BINOL), were synthesized from the proper 1,1'-bi-2-naphtol (BINOL) enantiomer and characterized. The structure of the (S)-enantiomer was elucidated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction with anhydrous ZnBr2 afforded complexes having the general formula [ZnBr2{O=PPh(BINOL)}2] that showed intense fluorescence centered in the near-UV region rationalized on the basis of TD-DFT calculations. The corresponding Mn(II) complexes with the general formula [MnX2{O=PPh(BINOL)}2] (X = Cl, Br) exhibited dual emission upon excitation with UV light, with the relative intensity of the bands dependent upon the choice of the halide. The highest energy transition is comparable with that of the Zn(II) complex, while the lowest energy emission falls in the red region of the spectrum and is characterized by lifetimes in the hundreds of microseconds range. Although the emission at lower energy can also be achieved by direct excitation of the metal center, the luminescence decay curves suggest that the band in the red range is possibly derived from BINOL-centered excited states populated by intersystem crossing.

Enhancing Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence via Integrated Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approach

In the dynamic domain of chiroptical technologies, it is imperative to engineer emitters endowed with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties. This research demonstrates an advancement by employing a combined top-down and bottom-up strategy for the simultaneous amplification of photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ) and the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum ). Square-planar Pt(II) complexes form helical assemblies, driven by torsional strain induced by bis(nonyl) chains. Integration of chiral anions leads these assemblies to prefer distinct helical sense. This arrangement activates the metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) transition that is CPL-active, with Φ and |glum | observing an upswing contingent on the charge number and aryl substituents in chiral anions. Utilizing the soft-lithographic micromolding in capillaries technique, we could fabricate exquisitely-ordered, one-dimensional co-assemblies to achieve the metrics to Φ of 0.32 and |glum | of 0.13. Finally, our spectroscopic research elucidates the underlying mechanism for the dual amplification, making a significant stride in the advancement of CPL-active emitters.