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Sarikaya İ, Kaleoğlu E, Çakar S, Soykan C, Özacar M. An Enhanced Photosensitive Sensor Based on ITO/MWCNTs@Polymer Composite@BiVO 4 for Quercetin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:729. [PMID: 37504126 PMCID: PMC10377499 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The fact that antioxidants scavenge free radicals in the human body and naturally treat many health problems that will occur in this way has increased the consumption of antioxidant-containing foods. However, consumption of artificially prepared antioxidants could cause cancer. Therefore, antioxidants from natural sources are preferred. Quercetin is an antioxidant present in natural samples. In this article, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a polymer composite (PC) consisting of a mixture of 15% (by mass) polystyrene (PST), 15% (by mass) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 70% (by mass) polyindole (PIN), and semiconducting BiVO4 were used to prepare electrodes, and then a photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4-based sensor was fabricated for quercetin detection. Quercetin was analyzed via the photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4 sensor in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) solutions including various quercetin concentrations. The constructed quercetin sensor displayed a wide linear response between 10 and 200 μM and a limit of detection of 0.133 μM. The developed photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4 demonstrated a high sensitivity (442 µA mM-1 cm-2), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation 3.6%), high selectivity and long-term stability (>49 days) towards quercetin sensing. The photoelectrochemical sensor was then applied to detection of quercetin in black tea as a real-life sample. Our study could lead to the development of novel photosensitive PC polyphenol sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Sarikaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Türkiye
| | - Esra Kaleoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Türkiye
| | - Soner Çakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Türkiye
- Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Türkiye
| | - Cengiz Soykan
- Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak University, Uşak 64200, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Özacar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Türkiye
- Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Türkiye
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Complementarity and Preorganisation in the Assembly of Heterometallic–Organic Cages via the Metalloligand Approach—Recent Advances. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new metallocage polyhedra towards pre-determined structures can offer both practical as well as intellectual challenges. In this mini-review we discuss a selection of recent examples in which the use of the metalloligand approach has been employed to overcome such challenges. An attractive feature of this approach is its stepwise nature that lends itself to the design and rational synthesis of heterometallic metal–organic cages, with the latter often associated with enhanced functionality.
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