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Azad R, Lenßen P, Jia Y, Strauch M, Bener BA, Merhof D, Wöll D. Modeling the Temperature-Dependent Size Change of Polydisperse Nano-objects using a Deep Generative Model. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4447-4453. [PMID: 38588344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Modern microscopy techniques can be used to investigate soft nano-objects at the nanometer scale. However, time-consuming microscopy measurements combined with low numbers of observable polydisperse objects often limit the statistics. We propose a method for identifying the most representative objects from their respective point clouds. These point cloud data are obtained, for example, through the localization of single emitters in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. External stimuli, such as temperature, can cause changes in the shape and properties of adaptive objects. Due to the demanding and time-consuming nature of super-resolution microscopy experiments, only a limited number of temperature steps can be performed. Therefore, we propose a deep generative model that learns the underlying point distribution of temperature-dependent microgels, enabling the reliable generation of unlimited samples with an arbitrary number of localizations. Our method greatly cuts down the data collection effort across diverse experimental conditions, proving invaluable for soft condensed matter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Azad
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Lenßen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yiwei Jia
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Strauch
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Berk Alperen Bener
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dorit Merhof
- Institute of Image Analysis and Computer Vision, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Engel S, Jeschenko PM, van Dongen M, Rose JC, Schäfer D, Bruns M, Herres-Pawlis S, Keul H, Möller M. Photo-cross-linked and pH-Switchable Soft Polymer Nanocapsules from Polyglycidyl Ethers. Macromolecules 2024; 57:707-718. [PMID: 38283123 PMCID: PMC10810002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Soft polymer nanocapsules and microgels, which can adapt their shape and, at the same time, sequester and release molecular payloads in response to an external trigger, are a challenging complement to vesicular structures like polymersomes. In this work, we report the synthesis of such capsules by photo-cross-linking of coumarin-substituted polyglycidyl ethers, which we prepared by Williamson etherification of epichlorohydrin (ECH) repeating units with 7-hydroxycoumarin in copolymers with tert-butyl glycidyl ether (tBGE). To control capsule size, we employed the prepolymers in an o/w miniemulsion, where they formed a gel layer at the interface upon irradiation at 365 nm by [2π + 2π] photodimerization of the coumarin groups. Upon irradiation at 254 nm, the reaction could be reversed and the gel wall could be repeatedly disintegrated and rebuilt. We further demonstrated (i) reversible hydrophilization of the gels by hydrolysis of the lactone rings in coumarin dimers as a mechanism to manipulate the permeability of the capsules and (ii) binding functional molecules as amides. Thus, the presented nanogels are remarkably versatile and can be further used as a carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Engel
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal M. Jeschenko
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Max
Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel van Dongen
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas C. Rose
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominic Schäfer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), RWTH Aachen
University, Landoltweg
1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute
for Applied Materials and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), RWTH Aachen
University, Landoltweg
1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Max
Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhao Y, Ran B, Lee D, Liao J. Photo-Controllable Smart Hydrogels for Biomedical Application: A Review. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301095. [PMID: 37884456 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, smart hydrogels are being widely studied by researchers because of their advantages such as simple preparation, stable performance, response to external stimuli, and easy control of response behavior. Photo-controllable smart hydrogels (PCHs) are a class of responsive hydrogels whose physical and chemical properties can be changed when stimulated by light at specific wavelengths. Since the light source is safe, clean, simple to operate, and easy to control, PCHs have broad application prospects in the biomedical field. Therefore, this review timely summarizes the latest progress in the PCHs field, with an emphasis on the design principles of typical PCHs and their multiple biomedical applications in tissue regeneration, tumor therapy, antibacterial therapy, diseases diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Meanwhile, the challenges and perspectives of widespread practical implementation of PCHs are presented in biomedical applications. This study hopes that PCHs will flourish in the biomedical field and this review will provide useful information for interested researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Bei Ran
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dashiell Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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