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Chen S, Liu Z, Li B, Hou Y, Peng Y, Li J, Yuan Q, Gan W. Probing the structural evolution on the surface of cardiolipin vesicles with an amphiphilic second harmonic generation and fluorescence probe. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014705. [PMID: 38949588 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the influence of the ambient chemical environment on molecular behaviors in liposomes is crucial for understanding and manipulating cellular vitality as well as the capabilities of lipid drug carriers in various environments. Here, we designed and synthesized a second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence probe molecule called Pyr-Py+-N+ (PPN), which possesses membrane-targeting capability. We employed PPN to investigate the response of lipid vesicles composed of cardiolipin to the presence of exogenous salt. The kinetic behaviors, including the adsorption and embedding of PPN on the surface of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of cardiolipin, were analyzed. The response of the SUVs to the addition of NaCl was also monitored. A rapid decrease in vesicle size can be evidenced through the rapid drop in SHG emission originating from PPN located on the vesicle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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Pan H, Zhang C, Jiang W, Zhou Y. Living Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Micron-Sized Polymer Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404589. [PMID: 38654509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Artificial vesicles are recognized as powerful platforms for a large body of research across the disciplines of chemistry, physics and biology. Despite the great progress, control of the size distribution to make uniform vesicles remains fundamentally difficult due to the highly uncontrollable growth kinetics, especially for micron-sized vesicles. Here we report a template-free living self-assembly method to prepare monodisperse vesicles around 1 μm from an alternating copolymer. The polymer forms nanodisks (ca. 9 nm) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acting as seeds for subsequent growth. By adding water, the nanodisks gradually grow into larger circular bilayer nanosheets, which bend to crowns and continue to grow into uniform micron-sized vesicles. The first-order growth kinetics as well as the small size polydispersity index (<0.1) suggests the living self-assembly characteristics. This work paves a new way in both living self-assembly and monodisperse polymer vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Changxu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Li B, Li J, Chen S, Yuan Q, Fang C, Gan W. Monitoring the response of a model protocell to dye and surfactant molecules through second harmonic generation and fluorescence imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8148-8157. [PMID: 38380536 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Probing the interaction between molecules and protocells is crucial for understanding the passive transport of functional molecules in and out of artificial and real cells. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) has been proven to be a powerful method for analyzing the adsorption and cross-membrane transport of molecules on lipid bilayers. In this study, we used SHG and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging to study the interaction of charged dye molecules (D289) with a lipid vesicle. Unexpectedly, it was observed that the transport of D289 at a relatively high concentration is not as efficient as that at a lower dye concentration. Periodic shrinking of the model protocell and discharging of D289 out from the vesicle were revealed by combined analyses of SHG and TPF images. The response of the vesicle to a surfactant was also analyzed with D289 as a probe. This work demonstrates that the combined SHG and TPF imaging method is a unique approach that can provide detailed information on the interaction of molecules and lipids (both morphology and molecular kinetics). Determining these subtle interfacial kinetics in molecules is important for understanding the mechanism of many biophysical processes occurring on lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shujiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chao Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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Hou Y, Li J, Li B, Yuan Q, Gan W. Combined Second Harmonic Generation and Fluorescence Analyses of the Structures and Dynamics of Molecules on Lipids Using Dual-Probes: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123778. [PMID: 35744902 PMCID: PMC9231091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Revealing the structures and dynamic behaviors of molecules on lipids is crucial for understanding the mechanism behind the biophysical processes, such as the preparation and application of drug delivery vesicles. Second harmonic generation (SHG) has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate the molecules on various lipid membranes, benefiting from its natural property of interface selectivity, which comes from the principle of even order nonlinear optics. Fluorescence emission, which is in principle not interface selective but varies with the chemical environment where the chromophores locate, can reveal the dynamics of molecules on lipids. In this contribution, we review some examples, which are mainly from our recent works focusing on the application of combined spectroscopic methods, i.e., SHG and two-photon fluorescence (TPF), in studying the dynamic behaviors of several dyes or drugs on lipids and surfactants. This review demonstrates that molecules with both SHG and TPF efficiencies may be used as intrinsic dual-probes in plotting a clear physical picture of their own behaviors, as well as the dynamics of other molecules, on lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence:
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