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Pirabul K, Zhao Q, Pan ZZ, Liu H, Itoh M, Izawa K, Kawai M, Crespo-Otero R, Di Tommaso D, Nishihara H. Silicon Radical-Induced CH 4 Dissociation for Uniform Graphene Coating on Silica Surface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306325. [PMID: 38032161 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the manufacturability of highly well-defined structures and wide-range versatility in its microstructure, SiO2 is an attractive template for synthesizing graphene frameworks with the desired pore structure. However, its intrinsic inertness constrains the graphene formation via methane chemical vapor deposition. This work overcomes this challenge by successfully achieving uniform graphene coating on a trimethylsilyl-modified SiO2 (denote TMS-MPS). Remarkably, the onset temperature for graphene growth dropped to 720 °C for the TMS-MPS, as compared to the 885 °C of the pristine SiO2. This is found to be mainly from the Si radicals formed from the decomposition of the surface TMS groups. Both experimental and computational results suggest a strong catalytic effect of the Si radicals on the CH4 dissociation. The surface engineering of SiO2 templates facilitates the synthesis of high-quality graphene sheets. As a result, the graphene-coated SiO2 composite exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 0.25 S cm-1. Moreover, the removal of the TMP-MPS template has released a graphene framework that replicates the parental TMS-MPS template on both micro- and nano- scales. This study provides tremendous insights into graphene growth chemistries as well as establishes a promising methodology for synthesizing graphene-based materials with pre-designed microstructures and porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritin Pirabul
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Zheng-Ze Pan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Itoh
- Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd., 2-1846 Kozoji-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-0013, Japan
| | - Kenichi Izawa
- Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd., 2-1846 Kozoji-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-0013, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd., 2-1846 Kozoji-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-0013, Japan
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 2020 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Goto S, Tang R, Yamazaki K. Toward three-dimensionally ordered nanoporous graphene materials: template synthesis, structure, and applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1953-1965. [PMID: 38332834 PMCID: PMC10848746 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise template synthesis will realize three-dimensionally ordered nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) with a spatially controlled seamless graphene structure and fewer edges. These structural features result in superelastic nature, high electrochemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and fast diffusion of gases and ions at the same time. Such innovative 3D graphene materials are conducive to solving energy-related issues for a better future. To further improve the attractive properties of NPGs, we review the template synthesis and its mechanism by chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbons, analysis of the nanoporous graphene structure, and applications in electrochemical and mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama 2-12-1 Meguro Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Rui Tang
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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Yamazaki K, Goto S, Yoshino S, Gubarevich A, Yoshida K, Kato H, Yamamoto M. Surface defect healing in annealing from nanoporous carbons to nanoporous graphenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38019669 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04921c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have the pronounced electrochemical stability of the seamless graphene structures developed over the 3D space. We revisited the Raman spectra of nanoporous carbons (NPCs) synthesized using θ-/γ-Al2O3 templates and NPGs converted from NPCs by annealing at 1800 °C to identify the type and density of defects. We found that both the NPCs and NPGs mostly consist of single-layered graphene with a few single vacancies and Stone-Wales defects. The density of vacancy defect per hexagon in the graphene sheet is estimated to be 10-2 for NPCs, while the annealing reduced the value to 10-3-10-4 for NPGs. This supports the outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability of the novel porous carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shunya Yoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Anna Gubarevich
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yoshida
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Kato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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