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Gao W, Posada LF, Shiravand V, Shubhashish S, Price C, Potyrailo RA, Younsi K, Shan S, Ndiaye I, Zhou J, Laso A, Uzelac N, Zhong W, Suib SL, Cao Y. High-Throughput Compatibility Screening of Materials for SF 6-Alternative Insulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38958382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
With the annual global electricity production exceeding 30,000 TWh, the safe transmission of electric power has been heavily relying on SF6, the most potent industrial greenhouse gas. While promising SF6 alternatives have been proposed, their compatibilities with materials used in gas-insulated equipment (GIE) must be thoroughly studied. This is particularly true as the emerging SF6 alternatives generally leverage their relatively higher reactivity to achieve lower global warming potentials (GWPs). Here, a high-throughput compatibility screening of common GIE materials was conducted with a representative SF6 alternative, namely, C4F7N (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile)/CO2 gas mixtures. In this screening, the insulation performance of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixtures, as an indicator of the C4F7N/materials compatibility level, was periodically monitored during the thermal aging with tens of materials from SF6-insulated GIE, including desiccants/adsorbents, rubber, plastics, composites, ceramics, metals, etc. The identification of incompatible materials and the follow-up mechanism studies suggested that the acidity of materials represents the primary cause for C4F7N/materials incompatibility when C4F7N/CO2 gas mixtures are used as a drop-in replacement solution for existing SF6-insulated apparatuses. Mitigation strategies tackling the acidity of materials were then proposed and validated. Additionally, the amphoteric characteristics of C4F7N were briefly discussed. This work provides insight into the materials incompatibility of SF6 alternatives, along with validated mitigation strategies, for the selection and design of materials used in future eco-friendly GIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Luisa F Posada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Vahid Shiravand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shubhashish Shubhashish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Capri Price
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | | | - Karim Younsi
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
| | - Shiyao Shan
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
| | - Ibrahima Ndiaye
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
| | - Jierui Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Andres Laso
- G&W Electric Company, 305 West Crossroads Pkwy, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, United States
| | - Nenad Uzelac
- G&W Electric Company, 305 West Crossroads Pkwy, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, United States
| | - Wesley Zhong
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Steven L Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Liu Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Cao B, Wu K, Wang L. Understanding Water Diffusion Behaviors in Epoxy Resin through Molecular Simulations and Experiments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4871-4880. [PMID: 38377364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The unclear understanding of the water diffusion behavior posts a big challenge to the manipulation of water absorption properties in epoxy resins. Herein, we investigated the water diffusion behavior and its relationship with molecule structures inside an epoxy resin mainly by the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and experiments. It is found that at the initial rapid water absorption stage, bound water and free water both contribute, while at the later slow water absorption stage, free water plays a dominant role. The observed evolution of free water and bound water cannot be explained by the traditional Langmuir model. In addition, molecule polarity, free volume, and segment mobility can all influence the water diffusion process. Hence, the epoxy resin with low polarity and high molecular segment mobility is endowed with higher diffusion coefficients. The saturated water absorption content is almost dependent on the polarity. The understanding of how water diffuses and what decides the diffusion process is critical to the rational design of molecule structures for improving the water resistance in epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Engineering Laboratory of Power Equipment Reliability in Complicated Coastal Environments, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Engineering, The University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Northcote House, Exeter EX4 4QJ, U.K
| | - Kangning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Power Equipment Reliability in Complicated Coastal Environments, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Saleem U, Jamil R, Nadeem H, Ahmed H, Abdelmohse SAM, Alanazi MM, Iqbal J. Sensing potential of C 6N 8 for ammonia (NH 3) and nitrogen triflouride (NF 3): A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108701. [PMID: 38194862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The detection of toxic gases (NH3 and NF3) in regulating and monitoring air quality in the atmosphere has drawn a lot of attention. Herein, we explored a novel material (C6N8) for the detection of the important but toxic gases (NH3 and NF3). We investigated the interactions of the NH3 and NF3 with C6N8 through DFT at B3LYP, ωB97XD, and non-DFT M06-2X. Counterpoise interaction energy values (Eint. cp.) of NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8 are -0.45 eV and -3.51 eV (for B3LYP), -0.42 eV and 2.11 eV (for ωB97XD) and -0.44 eV and -3.41eV (for M06-2X), respectively. Complexes having the most stable configurations were then subjected to further analyses including frontier molecular orbitals, H-L gap, and conductivity of complexes. An increase in the H-L gap in complexes (NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8) is observed. The conductivity of NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8 decreases as compared to C6N8. A considerable change in dipole moment was seen in C6N8 before and after complex formation. This is because of the shifting of charge between C6N8 and gases (NH3 and NF3). CHELPG and NBO charge analysis were used to evaluate the amount of charge transfer between C6N8 and gases. These analyses demonstrate that NH3 and NF3 withdraw electron density from C6N8. It was found that NH3 tends to be physically adsorbed on C6N8 while NF3 adsorbs chemically on C6N8. NCI and QTAIM analyses were performed to investigate the kind of interactions between the surface (C6N8) and gases (NH3 and NF3). Furthermore, the recovery time of NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8 shows that C6N8 can be a better choice for sensing NH3 and NF3 gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafsah Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohse
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Wei J, Guo Y, Wang G. Effects of isotropic strain on the structure and transport properties of half-Heusler alloy BiBaK: a first-principles investigation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:463-477. [PMID: 38173595 PMCID: PMC10759175 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, using density functional and Boltzmann transport theories, we systematically investigated the effects of tensile and compressive strains on the elastic properties, phonon dispersion relation, electronic structure, and transport properties of the half-Heusler compound BiBaK. We calculated the elastic constants and phonon dispersion curves for BiBaK, which demonstrated its mechanical and thermodynamic stability, respectively, under different isotropic strains. Further, calculations showed that the electronic structure and energy bandgap of BiBaK changed with the application of isotropic strain. A high power factor and low thermal conductivity are key to improving the performance of thermoelectric materials. The figure of merit of BiBaK is 0.6 when it is unstrained and reaches a maximum value of 0.93 at -9% compressive strain and a temperature of 1200 K, indicating that under isotropic compressive strain, BiBaK compounds are efficient thermoelectric materials for high-temperature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Wei
- School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Yongliang Guo
- School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Guangtao Wang
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
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Yang H, Yang JH, Zhao Y, Ma H, Tian Y, Cai M, Tang S, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yan HL, Zuo L. Impact of Mn Alloying on Phase Stabilities, Magnetic Properties and Electronic Structures in Fe. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6679. [PMID: 37895661 PMCID: PMC10608222 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of Mn alloying on lattice stabilities, magnetic properties, electronic structures of the bcc and fcc phases and the fcc→bcc phase transition in Fe16-xMnx (x = 0, 1 and 2) alloys are studied by first-principles calculations. Results show that the doped Mn atom prefers ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interaction with the host Fe atoms in the bcc and fcc phases, respectively. In these two phases, the magnetic moment of Mn is smaller and larger than Fe, respectively. The local moment of Fe is decided by the Fe-Mn distance in the bcc phase, whereas in the fcc phase, it is determined by spatial orientation with Mn. In the different phases, Mn prefers different site occupations, which can be understood from the electronic density of states near Fermi energy, implying a possibility of element redistribution during phase transition. The driving force of phase transition decreases with Mn alloying. Both destabilized bcc phase and stabilized fcc phase contribute to the inhibited phase transition, but the latter plays a dominant role. Antiferromagnetism is recognized as the key reason for the enhanced stability of the fcc phase by Mn alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Institute of Research of Iron and Steel of Shasteel, Suzhou 215625, China
| | - Jin-Han Yang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Han Ma
- Institute of Research of Iron and Steel of Shasteel, Suzhou 215625, China
| | - Yanzhong Tian
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Minghui Cai
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hai-Le Yan
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Liang Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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