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Zhang FX, Wang M, Ma JB. Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into a Series of CB xO y- Compounds Mediated by LaB 3,4O 2- Anions: Synergy of the Electron Transfer and Lewis Pair Mechanisms to Construct B-C Bonds. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39012836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Converting CO2 into value-added products containing B-C bonds is a great challenge, especially for multiple B-C bonds, which are versatile building blocks for organoborane chemistry. In the condensed phase, the B-C bond is typically formed through transition metal-catalyzed direct borylation of hydrocarbons via C-H bond activation or transition metal-catalyzed insertion of carbenes into B-H bonds. However, excessive amounts of powerful boryl reagents are required, and products containing B-C bonds are complex. Herein, a novel method to construct multiple B-C bonds at room temperature is proposed by the gas-phase reactions of CO2 with LaBmOn- (m = 1-4, n = 1 or 2). Mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations are applied to investigate these reactions, and a series of new compounds, CB2O2-, CB3O3-, and CB3O2-, which possess B-C bonds, are generated in the reactions of LaB3,4O2- with CO2. When the number of B atoms in the clusters is reduced to 2 or 1, there is only CO-releasing channel, and no CBxOy- compounds are released. Two major factors are responsible for this quite intriguing reactivity: (1) Synergy of electron transfer and boron-boron Lewis acid-base pair mechanisms facilitates the rupture of C═O double bond in CO2. (2) The boron sites in the clusters can efficiently capture the newly formed CO units in the course of reactions, favoring the formation of B-C bonds. This finding may provide fundamental insights into the CO2 transformation driven by clusters containing lanthanide atoms and how to efficiently build B-C bonds under room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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Zhao A, Liu QY, Li ZY, Li XN, He SG. Reverse water-gas shift catalyzed by Rh nVO 3,4- ( n = 3-7) cluster anions under variable temperatures. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8347-8355. [PMID: 38666520 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00541d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the exact structural characteristics and reaction mechanisms of interface active sites is vital to engineering an energetic metal-support boundary in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, benefiting from a newly developed high-temperature ion trap reactor, the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) (CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O) catalyzed by a series of compositionally and structurally well-defined RhnVO3,4- (n = 3-7) clusters were identified under variable temperatures (298-773 K). It is discovered that the Rh5-7VO3,4- clusters can function more effectively to drive RWGS at relatively low temperatures. The experimentally observed size-dependent catalytic behavior was rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations; the framework of RhnVO3,4- is constructed by depositing the Rhn clusters on the VO3,4 "support", and a sandwiched base-acid-base [Rhout--Rhin+-VO3,4-; Rhout and Rhin represent the outer and inner Rh atoms, respectively] feature in Rh5-7VO3,4- governs the adsorption and activation of reactants as well as the facile desorption of the products. In contrast, isolated Rh5-7- clusters without the electronic modification of the VO3,4 "support" can only catalyze RWGS under relatively high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Sun CM, Wei GP, Yang Y, Zhao YX. Thermal Reactions of NiAl 3O 6+ and Al 4O 6+ with Methane: Reactivity Enhancement by Doping. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1218-1225. [PMID: 38340065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of the reactivity of heteronuclear metal oxide clusters is an important way to uncover the molecular-level mechanisms of the doping effect. Herein, we performed a comparative study on the reactions of CH4 with NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ cluster cations at room temperature to understand the role of Ni during the activation and transformation of methane. Mass spectrometric experiments identify that both NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ could bring about hydrogen atom abstraction reaction to generate CH3• radical; however, only NiAl3O6+ has the potential to stabilize [CH3] moiety and then transform [CH3] to CH2O. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the terminal oxygen radicals (Ot-•) bound to Al act as the reactive sites for the two clusters to activate the first C-H bond. Although the Ni atom cannot directly participate in methane activation, it can manipulate the electronic environment of the surrounding bridging oxygen atoms (Ob) and enable such Ob to function as an electron reservoir to help Ot-• oxidize CH4 to [H-O-CH3]. The facile reduction of Ni3+ to Ni+ also facilitates the subsequent step of activating the second C-H bond by the bridging "lattice oxygen" (Ob2-), finally enabling the oxidation of methane into formaldehyde. The important role of the dopant Ni played in improving the product selectivity of CH2O for methane conversion discovered in this study allows us to have a possible molecule-level understanding of the excellent performance of the catalysts doping with nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Man Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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He XY, Liu YZ, Chen JJ, Lan X, Li XN, He SG. Size-Dependent Reactivity of Co n- ( n = 5-25) Cluster Anions toward Carbon Dioxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6948-6955. [PMID: 37498356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the reactivity evolution of nanosized clusters at an atomically precise level is pivotal to assemble desired materials with promising candidates. Benefiting from the tandem mass spectrometer coupled with a high-temperature ion-trap reactor, the reactions of mass-selected Con- (n = 5-25) clusters with CO2 were investigated and the increased reactivity of Co20-25- was newly discovered herein. This finding marks an important step to understand property evolution of subnanometer metal clusters (Co25-, ∼0.8 nm) atom-by-atom. The reasons behind the increased reactivity of Co20-25- were proposed by analyzing the reactions of smaller Co6-8- clusters that exhibit significantly different reactivity toward CO2, in which a lower electron affinity of Con contributes to the capture of CO2 while the flexibility of Con- could play vital roles to stabilize reaction intermediates and suppress the barriers of O-CO rupture and CO desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingwang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Wang SD, Chen JJ, Ma TM, Li XN, He SG. Catalytic NO Reduction by Noble-Metal-Free Vanadium-Aluminum Oxide Cluster Anions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4388-4393. [PMID: 37140362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
By using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and guided by the newly discovered single-electron mechanism (SEM; e.g., Ti3+ + 2NO → Ti4+-O•- + N2O), we determined experimentally that the vanadium-aluminum oxide clusters V4-xAlxO10-x- (x = 1-3) can catalyze the reduction of NO by CO and substantiated theoretically that the SEM still prevails in driving the catalysis. This finding marks an important step in cluster science in which a noble metal had been demonstrated to be indispensable in NO activation mediated by heteronuclear metal clusters. The results provide new insights into the SEM in which active V-Al cooperative communication favors the transfer of an unpaired electron from the V atom to NO attached to the Al atom on which the reduction reaction actually takes place. This study provides a clear picture for improving our understanding of related heterogeneous catalysis, and the electron hopping behavior induced by NO adsorption could be a fundamental chemistry for driving NO reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Mei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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