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Huang XQ, Wu RC, Liang JM, Zhou Z, Qin QP, Liang H. Anticancer activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline-triphenylphosphine rhodium(III) complexes targeting mitophagy pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116478. [PMID: 38718624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Metallodrugs exhibiting distinct mechanisms of action compared with cisplatin hold promise for overcoming cisplatin resistance and improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs. In this study, a new series of rhodium (Rh)(III) complexes containing tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride [(TPP)3RhCl] (TPP = triphenylphosphine, TPP=O = triphenylphosphine oxide) and 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (H-XR1-H-XR4), namely [Rh(XR1)2(TPP)Cl]·(TPP=O) (Yulin Normal University-1a [YNU-1a]), [Rh(XR2)2(TPP)Cl] (YNU-1b), [Rh(XR3)2(TPP)Cl] (YNU-1c), and [Rh(XR4)2(TPP)Cl] (YNU-1d), was synthesized and characterized via X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry and IR. The cytotoxicity of the compounds YNU-1a-YNU-1d in Hep-G2 and HCC1806 human cancer cell lines and normal HL-7702 cell line was evaluated. YNU-1c exhibited cytotoxicity and selectivity in HCC1806 cells (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.06 μM, selectivity factor (SF) = 384.6). The compounds YNU-1b and YNU-1c, which were selected for mechanistic studies, induced the activation of apoptotic pathways and mitophagy. In addition, these compounds released cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3/pro-caspase-3 and downregulated the levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/IV (M1 and M4) and ATP. The compound YNU-1c, which was selected for in vivo experiments, exhibited tumor growth inhibition (58.9 %). Importantly, hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL revealed that HCC1806 tumor tissues exhibited significant apoptotic characteristics. YNU-1a-YNU-1d compounds are promising drug candidates that can be used to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiong Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Run-Chun Wu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Jian-Min Liang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Das U, Paira P. Exploring the phototoxicity of GSH-resistant 2-(5,6-dichloro-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline-based Ir(III)-PTA complexes in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6459-6471. [PMID: 38512047 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes play a crucial role in photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT), which has recently been used to treat specific disorders. Triple-negative breast cancer has an enormously high rate of relapse due to the existence and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by increased amounts of glutathione (GSH). Hence, designing a phototoxic molecule is an enticing area of research to combat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) via GSH depletion and DNA photocleavage. Herein, we focus on the application of PTA and non-PTA Ir(III) complexes for phototoxicity in the absence and presence of GSH against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. Between these two complexes, [Cp*IrIII(DD)PTA]·2Cl (DDIRP) exhibited better phototoxicity (IC50 ∼ 2.80 ± 0.52 μM) compared to the non-PTA complex [Cp*IrIII(DD)Cl]·Cl (DDIR) against TNBC cells because of the high GSH resistance power of the complex DDIRP. The significant potency of the complex DDIRP under photo irradiation in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions can be attributed to selective transportation, high cellular permeability and uptake towards the nucleus, GSH depletion by GSH-GSSG conversion, the ability of strong DNA binding including intercalation, and oxidative stress. The strong affinity to serum albumin, which serves as a carrier protein, aids in the transport of the complex to its target site while preventing glutathione (GSH) deactivation. Consequently, the complex DDIRP was developed as a suitable phototoxic complex in selective cancer therapy, ruling over the usual chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin and the PDT drug Photofrin. The ability of ROS generation under hypoxic conditions delivers this complex as a hypoxia-efficient selective metallodrug for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Shi J, Xie L, Gong W, Bai H, Wang W, Wang A, Cao W, Tong H, Wang H. Insight into the anti-proliferation activity and photoinduced NO release of four nitrosylruthenium isomeric complexes and their HSA complex adducts. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae005. [PMID: 38263542 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Four Ru(II)-centered isomeric complexes [RuCl(5cqn)(Val)(NO)] (1-4) were synthesized with 5cqn (5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline) and chiral Val (Val = L- or D-valine) as co-ligand, and their structures were confirmed using the X-ray diffraction method. The cytotoxicity and photodynamic activity of the isomeric complexes and their human serum albumin (HSA) complex adducts were evaluated. Both the isomeric complexes and their HSA complex adducts significantly affected HeLa cell proliferation, with an IC50 value in the range of 0.3-0.5 μM. The photo-controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) in solution was confirmed using time-resolved Fourier transform infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, photoinduced NO release in living cells was observed using a selective fluorescent probe for NO. Moreover, the binding constants (Kb) of the complexes with HSA were calculated to be 0.17-1.98 × 104 M-1 and the average number of binding sites (n) was found to be close to 1, it can serve as a crucial carrier for delivering metal complexes. The crystal structure of the HSA complex adduct revealed that one [RuCl(H2O)(NO)(Val)]+ molecule binds to a pocket in domain I. This study provides insight into possible mechanism of metabolism and potential applications for nitrosylruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials of Shanxi Provence, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, China
| | - Leilei Xie
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Wenjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials of Shanxi Provence, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hehe Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials of Shanxi Provence, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials of Shanxi Provence, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials of Shanxi Provence, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Experimental Center and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hongbo Tong
- Experimental Center and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials of Shanxi Provence, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Wang ZF, Huang XQ, Wu RC, Xiao Y, Zhang SH. Antitumor studies evaluation of triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes with 5,7-dihalo-substituted-8-quinolinoline targeting mitophagy pathways. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 248:112361. [PMID: 37659141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Both ruthenium-containing complexes and 8-quinolinoline compounds have emerged as a potential novel agent for malignant tumor therapy. Here, three triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes, [Ru(ZW1)(PPh3)2Cl2] (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) (RuZ1), [Ru(ZW2)(PPh3)2Cl2] (RuZ2) and [Ru(ZW2)2(PPh3)Cl2]·CH2Cl2 (RuZ3) bearing 5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol (H-ZW1) and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine (H-ZW2), have been synthesized, characterized and tested for their anticancer potential. We showed that triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes RuZ1-RuZ3 impaired the cell viability of ovarian adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP (SKO3CR) and SK-OV-3 (SKO3) cancer cells with greater selectivity and specificity than cisplatin. In addition, RuZ1-RuZ3 show higher excellent cytotoxicity than cisplatin towards SKO3CR cells, with IC50 values of 9.66 ± 1.08, 4.05 ± 0.67 and 7.18 ± 0.40 μM, respectively, in which the SKO3CR cells was the most sensitive to RuZ1-RuZ3. Depending on the substituent type, the antiproliferative ability of RuZ1-RuZ3 followed the trend: -CH3 > -H. However, RuZ1-RuZ3 have no obvious toxicity to normal cell HL-7702. Besides, RuZ1 and RuZ2 could induce mitophagy related-apoptosis pathways through suppression of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), accumulation of [Ca2+] and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulation of LC3 II/LC3 I, Beclin-1, P62, FUNDC1, PINK1, Parkin, cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c signaling pathway, and hindering the preparation of mitochondrial respiration complexes I and IV and ATP levels. Mechanistic study revealed that RuZ1 and RuZ2 induce apoptosis in SKO3CR cells via mitophagy related-apoptosis pathways induction and energy (ATP) generation disturbance. Taken together, the studied triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes RuZ1-RuZ3 are promising chemotherapeutic agents with high effectiveness and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Run-Chun Wu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shu-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, PR China.
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Kljun J, Rebernik M, Balsa LM, Kladnik J, Rapuš U, Trobec T, Sepčić K, Frangež R, León IE, Turel I. Exploring pta Alternatives in the Development of Ruthenium-Arene Anticancer Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062499. [PMID: 36985471 PMCID: PMC10058425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoruthenium pyrithione (1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione) complexes have been shown in our recent studies to be a promising family of compounds for development of new anticancer drugs. The complex [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(pyrithionato)(pta)]PF6 contains phosphine ligand pta (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as a functionality that improves the stability of the complex and its aqueous solubility. Here, we report our efforts to find pta alternatives and discover new structural elements to improve the biological properties of ruthenium anticancer drugs. The pta ligand was replaced by a selection of phosphine, phosphite, and arsine ligands to identify new functionalities, leading to improvement in inhibitory potency towards enzyme glutathione S-transferase. In addition, cytotoxicity in breast, bone, and colon cancers was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Rebernik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucía M Balsa
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N°1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Jerneja Kladnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Rapuš
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Trobec
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Frangež
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ignacio E León
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N°1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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P K A, Kar B, Roy N, Paira P. Ru(ii)arene(N^N bpy/phen)-based RAPTA complexes for in vitro anti-tumour activity in human glioblastoma cancer cell lines and in vivo toxicity studies in a zebrafish model. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18911-18922. [PMID: 35873312 PMCID: PMC9241057 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have introduced a series of half-sandwich Ru(ii)arene(N^N bpy/phen)-based RAPTA complexes for brain cancer therapy. Among all the synthesized complexes, [(η6-p-cymene)RuII(κ2-N,N-4,7dimethyl phenanthroline)(PTA)]·2PF6 (4c) and [(η6-p-cymene)RuII(κ2-N,N-4,7diphenyl phenanthroline)(PTA)]·2PF6 (4d) showed outstanding potency against the T98G, LN229 and U87MG cancer cells. The antiproliferative activity of these complexes was reinforced by neurosphere, DNA intercalation, agarose gel electrophoresis, cell cycle analysis and time-dependent ROS detection assays. The real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study showed that complex 4c inhibited the TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation in glioma cells. Moreover, the in vivo biodistribution of complex 4c in different organs and the morphological patterns of widely used zebrafish embryos due to toxic effects have been evaluated. A series of half-sandwich Ru(ii)arene(N^N bpy/phen)-based RAPTA complexes have been developed for brain cancer therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja P K
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 Tamilnadu India
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