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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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Li P, Jia Y, Chen P. Design and Synthesis of New Type of Macrocyclic Architectures Used for Optoelectronic Materials and Supramolecular Chemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300300. [PMID: 37439485 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has received much attention for decades. Macrocyclic architectures as representative receptors play a vital role in supramolecular chemistry and are applied in many fields such as supramolecular assembly and host-guest recognition. However, the classical macrocycles generally lack functional groups in the scaffolds, which limit their further applications, especially in optoelectronic materials. Therefore, developing a new design principle is not only essential to better understand macrocyclic chemistry and the supramolecular behaviors, but also further expand their applications in many research fields. In recent years, the doping compounds with main-group heteroatoms (B, N, S, O, P) into the carbon-based π-conjugated macrocycles offered a new strategy to build macrocyclic architectures with unique optoelectronic properties. In particular, the energy gaps and redox behavior can be effectively tuned by incorporating heteroatoms into the macrocyclic scaffolds. In this Minireview, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of new macrocycles, and further discuss the related applications in optoelectronic materials and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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3
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Medina Rivero S, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Ramírez FJ, Rodríguez R, Perles J, García-Fresnadillo D, Crassous J, Casado J, Stará IG, Martín N. Helical Bilayer Nanographenes: Impact of the Helicene Length on the Structural, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11599-11610. [PMID: 37129470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Helical bilayer nanographenes (HBNGs) are chiral π-extended aromatic compounds consisting of two π-π stacked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) joined by a helicene, thus resembling van der Waals layered 2D materials. Herein, we compare [9]HBNG, [10]HBNG, and [11]HBNG helical bilayers endowed with [9], [10], and [11]helicenes embedded in their structure, respectively. Interestingly, the helicene length defines the overlapping degree between the two HBCs (number of benzene rings involved in π-π interactions between the two layers), being 26, 14, and 10 benzene rings, respectively, according to the X-ray analysis. Unexpectedly, the electrochemical study shows that the lesser π-extended system [9]HBNG shows the strongest electron donor character, in part by interlayer exchange resonance, and more red-shifted values of emission. Furthermore, [9]HBNG also shows exceptional chiroptical properties with the biggest values of gabs and glum (3.6 × 10-2) when compared to [10]HBNG and [11]HBNG owing to the fine alignment in the configuration of [9]HBNG between its electric and magnetic dipole transition moments. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies as well as the fluorescence spectroscopy support the aforementioned experimental findings, thus confirming the strong impact of the helicene length on the properties of this new family of bilayer nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio DRX Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Casado
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Zhao F, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Duan J, Li C, Di J, Zhang N, Zheng X, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Organoborane Macrocycles with Blue to Near-Infrared Emissions and the Diradical Character of Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10092-10103. [PMID: 37125835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly emissive π-conjugated macrocycles with tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have sparked theoretical and synthetic interests in recent years. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to obtain new chiral organoborane macrocycles (CMC1, CMC2, and CMC3) that are built on the structurally chiral [5]helicenes and highly luminescent triarylborane/amine moieties embedded into the cyclic systems. These rarely accessible B/N-doped main-group chiral macrocycles show a unique topology dependence of the optoelectronic and chiroptical properties. CMC1 and CMC2 show a higher luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) together with an enhanced CPL brightness (BCPL) as compared with CMC3. Electronic effects were also tuned and resulted in bathochromic shifts of their emission and CPL responses from blue for CMC1 to the near-infrared (NIR) region for CMC3. Furthermore, chemical oxidations of the N donor sites in CMC1 gave rise to a highly stable radical cation (CMC1·+SbF6-) and diradical dication species (CMC12·2+2SbF6-) that serve as a rare example of a positively charged open-shell chiral macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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Jia Y, Li P, Liu K, Li C, Liu M, Di J, Wang N, Yin X, Zhang N, Chen P. Expanding new chemistry of aza-boracyclophanes with unique dipolar structures, AIE and redox-active open-shell characteristics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11672-11679. [PMID: 36320401 PMCID: PMC9555748 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
π-Conjugated macrocycles involving electron-deficient boron species have received increasing attention due to their intriguing tunable optoelectronic properties. However, most of the reported B(sp2)-doped macrocycles are difficult to modify due to the synthetic challenge, which limits their further applications. Motivated by the research of non-strained hexameric bora- and aza-cyclophanes, we describe a new class of analogues MC-BN5 and MC-ABN5 that contain charge-reversed triarylborane (Ar3B) units and oligomeric triarylamines (Ar3N) in the cyclics. As predicted by DFT computations, the unique orientation of the donor-acceptor systems leads to an increased dipole moment compared with highly symmetric macrocycles (M1, M2 and M3), which was experimentally represented by a significant solvatochromic effect with large Stokes shifts up to 12 318 cm-1. Such a ring-structured design also allows the easy peripheral modification of aza-boracyclophanes with tetraphenylethenyl (TPE) groups, giving rise to a change in the luminescence mechanism from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in MC-BN5 to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in MC-ABN5. The open-shell characteristics have been chemically enabled and were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for MC-BN5. The present study not only showed new electronic properties, but also could expand the research of B/N doped macrocycles into the future scope of supramolecular chemistry, as demonstrated in the accessible functionalization of ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
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Tian G, Chen JF, Zhang K, Shi Y, Li C, Yin X, Liu K, Chen P. Applying the B/N Lewis Pair Approach to Access Fusion-Expanded Binaphthyl-Based Chiral Analogues. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15315-15319. [PMID: 36135458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of two axially chiral systems (HBN and BBN) by the incorporation of B centers into binaphthyl derivatives (HPy and BPy). Heteroatom-doped chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were thus formed by fusion of the azaboroles to binaphthyls with the formation of B-N dative bonds. The resulting B-N Lewis pairs that serve as attractive fluorophores enabled modulation of the chiroptical properties both in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jin-Fa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
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