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Bulbul AS, Kuriakose A, Komal, Reena, Acharyya JN, Prakash GV, Sankar M. Synthesis, Structural, Electrochemical, and DFT Studies of Highly Substituted Nonplanar Ni(II) Porphyrins and Their Intensity-Dependent Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:17967-17982. [PMID: 39292616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
We designed and successfully synthesized highly substituted electron-deficient nonplanar Ni(II) porphyrins and their derivatives (1-7) in moderate to good yields. These derivatives were comprehensively characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. SCXRD analysis confirmed the structures of compounds 2, 4, and 7, adopting saddle-shape geometry. These nonplanar porphyrins demonstrated significant bathochromic shifts in their absorption spectra compared to parent NiTPP, attributed to the influence of bulky β-substituents and/or peripheral fusion. π-Extended porphyrins 6 and 7 displayed panchromatic absorption spectra extending into the NIR region. Porphyrins 6 and 7 demonstrated a profound anodic shift (∼400 mV) in their first reduction peak potentials compared to precursor NiTPP(NO2)Br6. The experimental absorption spectral pattern matches the simulated absorption spectra obtained from TD-DFT studies. The femtosecond laser intensity-dependent third-order nonlinear optical studies revealed that NiDFP(VCN)2Br6 (6) and NiDFP(VCN)2(PE)6 (7) displayed giant optical nonlinearities compared to the other porphyrins. Among all, NiDFP(VCN)2Br6 (6) possessed the highest two-photon absorption coefficient (β) and cross-section (σTPA) values in the range of 22-33 × 10-10 m/W and 3.77-6.95 × 106 GM, respectively. These findings suggest that the investigated nonplanar π-extended porphyrins are promising candidates for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sohel Bulbul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Albin Kuriakose
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Komal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Reena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Yin X, Sun Y, Geng K, Cui Y, Huang J, Hou H. Ingenious Modulation of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Response of Zr-MOFs through Defect Engineering Based on a Mixed-Linker Strategy. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6723-6733. [PMID: 38569126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Defect engineering plays a pivotal role in regulating electronic structure and facilitating charge transfer, yielding captivating effects on third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In this work, we utilized a mixed-linker strategy to intentionally disrupt the initial periodic arrangement of UiO-66 and construct defects. Specifically, we incorporated tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with an exceptionally electron-rich delocalization system into the framework of UiO-66 using a one-pot solvothermal method, ingeniously occupying the partial distribution sites of the Zr6 clusters. Compared to UiO-66, the NLO absorption and refraction performance of TCPP/UiO-66 were significantly improved. Additionally, due to the presence of nitrogen-rich sites that can accommodate metal ions in the porphyrin ring of TCPP, Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) are introduced into TCPP/UiO-66, extending the d-π conjugation effect to further regulate the defects. The NLO absorption behavior transforms saturation absorption (SA) to reverse saturation absorption (RSA), while the refraction behavior shifts from self-defocusing to self-focusing. This work shows that defects can effectively regulate the electronic structure, while TCPP plays a crucial role in significantly enhancing electron delocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yin
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yupei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kangshuai Geng
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cui
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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Shanu M, Acharyya JN, Kuriakose A, Banerjee D, Soma VR, Vijaya Prakash G. Ultrafast Dynamics, Optical Nonlinearities, and Chemical Sensing Application of Free-Standing Porous Silicon-Based Optical Microcavities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16996-17006. [PMID: 38514247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the ultrafast carrier dynamics and third-order nonlinear optical properties of electrochemically fabricated free-standing porous silicon (FS-PSi)-based optical microcavities via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and single-beam Z-scan techniques, respectively. The TAS (pump: 400 nm, probe: 430-780 nm, ∼70 fs, 1 kHz) decay dynamics are dominated by the photoinduced absorption (PIA, lifetime range: 4.7-156 ps) as well as photoinduced bleaching (PIB, 4.3-324 ps) for the cavity mode (λc) and the band edges. A fascinating switching behavior from the PIB (-ve) to the PIA (+ve) has been observed in the cavity mode, which shows the potential in ultrafast switching applications. The third-order optical nonlinearities revealed an enhanced two-photon absorption coefficient (β) in the order of 10-10 mW-1 along with the nonlinear refractive index (n2) in the range of 10-17 m2 W-1. Furthermore, a real-time sensing application of such FS-PSi microcavities has been demonstrated for detecting organic solvents by simultaneously monitoring the kinetics in reflection and transmission mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shanu
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Albin Kuriakose
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Acharyya JN, Kuriakose A, Vijaya Prakash G. Spectrally resolved nonlinearities within a laser pulse in a single-scan and spectrometer-based nonlinear optical probing. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1721-1724. [PMID: 38560846 DOI: 10.1364/ol.520803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate spectrally resolved optical nonlinearities resulting from a spectrally broad femtosecond Gaussian laser pulse have been unraveled using a single-scan and spectrometer-based nonlinear optical probing technique. The interaction of the broad femtosecond laser pulse with a strongly absorbing organic dye has unveiled a remarkably distinct nonlinear absorption behavior across the broad spectral window. The nonlinear absorption behavior unveils an unusual transition from the reverse saturation absorption (RSA) to the saturation absorption (SA) as we sweep the wavelength on both sides of the central wavelength of the excitation laser pulse. A competition between the band-filling and excited-state absorption results in such a dramatic switch-over from the RSA to the SA due to the variation of the intensity distribution across the Gaussian pulse spectrum. On the other hand, the nonlinear refraction studies dictate more over the constant Kerr-type positive nonlinear refractive indices across the entire laser pulse, with a pronounced contribution from the nonlinear absorption phase dominating at the center of the pulse. The presented technique establishes a robust and simple spectrometer-based technique that offers new, to the best of our knowledge, avenues for estimating optical nonlinearities for rapid nonlinear optical measurements.
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Ye JT, Wang LH, Yu JQ. Theoretical study on porphyrin arch-tapes of carbonyl-inserted seven-membered rings with high nonlinear optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32443-32451. [PMID: 37991824 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin tapes have attracted extensive attention because their fully conjugated π-networks act as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. A family of Ni(II) and Zn(II) porphyrin arch-tapes that are connected by varying bridge (B) ligands (meso-meso β-β doubly linked dimer 1, meso-meso β-β β-β triply linked dimer 3, methylene-inserted dimer 2 and trimer 5, carbonyl-inserted dimer 4, trimer 6, and Zn(II) trimer 7) have been synthesized by a density functional theory (DFT) method. The results show that carbonyl-inserted arch-tapes significantly enhance second hyperpolarizability (γ), indicating that the remarkably contorted structure incorporated seven-membered ring(s) directly affect their NLO properties of our focus. Moreover, the electronic absorption spectra calculated for all studied complexes with time-dependent DFT theory (TDDFT) predict that carbonyl-inserted complex 4 contributes to a red-shift of the Q-band (160 nm) for the meso-meso β-β doubly linked complex 1. The third-order NLO responses and the electron transition properties strongly depend on the nature of the bridge (B) ligand, which means that an active involvement of the carbonyl group presents an advantage for its application in NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ting Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Li-Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Jia-Qi Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
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Khalid M, Khan M, Mahmood K, Arshad M, Imran M, Braga AAC, Hussain R. Theoretical designing of non-fullerene derived organic heterocyclic compounds with enhanced nonlinear optical amplitude: a DFT based prediction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20220. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn current era, non-fullerene (NF) chromophores have been reported as significant NLO materials due to promising optoelectronic properties. Therefore, a series of NF based chromophores abbreviated as TPBD2-TPBD6 with D–π–A architecture was designed from the reference compound (TPBR1) by its structural tailoring with an efficient donor and various acceptor groups for the first time. First, the structures of said compounds were optimized at M06-2X/6-311G (d,p) level. Further, the optimized structures were utilized to execute frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption, density of states (DOS) and transition density matrix (TDM) analyses at the same level to understand the non-linear (NLO) response of TPBR1 and TPBD2-TPBD6. Promising NLO results were achieved for all derivatives i.e., the highest amplitude of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩, first (βtotal) and second ($$\gamma$$
γ
total) hyperpolarizabilities than their parent molecule. The compound TPBD3 was noted with the most significant NLO properties as compared to the standard molecule. The structural modeling approach by utilizing the acceptor molecules has played a prominent role in attaining favorable NLO responses in the molecules. Thus, our study has tempted the experimentalists to synthesize the proposed NLO materials for the modern optoelectronic high-tech applications.
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Yadav I, Shanu M, Acharyya JN, Prakash GV, Sankar M. Ultrafast Dynamics and Strong Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Nonplanar β-Functionalized “Push–Pull” Copper Corroles with a Mixed Substituent Pattern. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19289-19301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
| | - Mohd Shanu
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas110016, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
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