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Tarakanov PA, Neganova ME, Mishchenko DV, Bondarenko SD, Sergeeva IA, Krot AR, Goryachev NS, Simakov AO, Kukharsky MS, Pukhov SA, Pushkarev VE. Low-symmetry A 3B-type 6H-1,4-diazepinoporphyrazines with anti-Kasha effect as promising photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:1277-1289. [PMID: 38167792 DOI: 10.1111/php.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of tribenzo[g,l,q]-6H-1,4-diazepino[2,3-b]porphyrazines has been synthesized. A temperature-dependent steric effect was applied in the mixed Linstead macrocyclization of phthalonitrile and 5,7-bis(2'-arylethenyl)-6-propyl-6H-1,4-diazepine-2,3-dicarbonitrile to achieve high yield of low-symmetry A3B-type Mg(II) tribenzo[g,l,q]-6H-1,4-diazepino[2,3-b]porphyrazinate. The analysis of photophysical and photochemical properties of the obtained complexes showed the anti-Kasha effect: the ultrafast spin changes successfully compete with the IC. TD-DFT calculations showed that the presence of 1,4-diazepine heterocycle in the porphyrazine structure leads to the formation of additional charge-transfer triplet state T2. We propose, it could participate in the pumping of T1x state alongside with T1y state (these states are degenerate in D4h symmetry) and, therefore, increase singlet oxygen (1Δg) generation. Stable micellar nanoparticles have been obtained based on the tribenzo[g,l,q]-6H-1,4-diazepino[2,3-b]porphyrazine Mg(II) and Zn(II) complexes using polyvinylpyrrolidone. The nanoparticles effectively interact with model biological structures (FBS and brain homogenate), leading to disaggregation of the macrocycles. They also exhibit pronounced phototoxic effects in MCF-7 cells upon red light irradiation. We propose that enhancement in PDT activity could be explained by their increased resistance to aggregation due to the presence of n-propyl substituent directly attached to the C6 position of the 1,4-diazepine moiety. The demonstrated results show the promising potential of tribenzo-6H-1,4-diazepinoporphyrazines as heavy atom-free photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Tarakanov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis V Mishchenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Center in Chernogolovka of Moscow Region State University, Mytishchi, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey D Bondarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Sergeeva
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey R Krot
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Goryachev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anton O Simakov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Michail S Kukharsky
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sergey A Pukhov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Victor E Pushkarev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
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