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Michel L, Oró-Nolla B, Dell'Omo G, Quillfeldt P, Lacorte S. Analysis of organochlorines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons designed for pollutant biomonitoring in three seabird matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34174-0. [PMID: 38980477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Pollutant biomonitoring demands analytical methods to cover a wide range of target compounds, work with minimal sample amounts, and apply least invasive and reproducible sampling procedures. We developed a method to analyse 68 bioaccumulative organic pollutants in three seabird matrices: plasma, liver, and stomach oil, representing different exposure phases. Extraction efficiency was assessed based on recoveries of spiked surrogate samples, then the method was applied to environmental samples collected from Scopoli's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). Extraction was performed in an ultrasonic bath, purification with Florisil cartridges (5 g, 20 mL), and analysis by GC-Orbitrap-MS. Quality controls at 5 ng yielded satisfactory recoveries (80-120%) although signal intensification was found for some compounds. The method permitted the detection of 28 targeted pollutants in the environmental samples. The mean sum of organic pollutants was 4.25 ± 4.83 ng/g in plasma, 1634 ± 2990 ng/g in liver, and 233 ± 111 ng/g in stomach oil (all wet weight). Pollutant profiles varied among the matrices, although 4,4'-DDE was the dominant compound overall. This method is useful for pollutant biomonitoring in seabirds and discusses the interest of analysing different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Michel
- Animal Ecology and Systematics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bernat Oró-Nolla
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Animal Ecology and Systematics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Olmastroni S, Simonetti S, Fattorini N, D'Amico V, Cusset F, Bustamante P, Cherel Y, Corsi I. Living in a challenging environment: Monitoring stress ecology by non-destructive methods in an Antarctic seabird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171249. [PMID: 38431169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
How Antarctic species are facing historical and new stressors remains under-surveyed and risks to wildlife are still largely unknown. Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae are well-known bioindicators and sentinels of Antarctic ecosystem changes, a true canary in the coal mine. Immuno-haematological parameters have been proved to detect stress in wild animals, given their rapid physiological response that allows them tracking environmental changes and thus inferring habitat quality. Here, we investigated variation in Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormalities (ENAs) and White Blood Cells (WBCs) in penguins from three clustered colonies in the Ross Sea, evaluating immuno-haematological parameters according to geography, breeding stage, and individual penguin characteristics such as sex, body condition and nest quality. Concentrations of mercury (Hg) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (as proxies of the penguin's trophic ecology) were analysed in feathers to investigate the association between stress biomarkers and Hg contamination in Adélie penguins. Colony and breeding stage were not supported as predictors of immuno-haematological parameters. ENAs and WBCs were respectively ∼30 % and ∼20 % higher in male than in female penguins. Body condition influenced WBCs, with penguins in the best condition having a ∼22 % higher level of WBCs than those in the worst condition. Nest position affected the proportion of micronuclei (MNs), with inner-nesting penguins having more than three times the proportion of MNs than penguins nesting in peripheral positions. Heterophils:Lymphocytes (H:L) ratio was not affected by any of the above predictors. Multiple factors acting as stressors are expected to increase prominently in Antarctic wildlife in the near future, therefore extensive monitoring aimed to assess the health status of penguin populations is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Olmastroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Simonetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Fattorini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Verónica D'Amico
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), (CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico -CONICET), Brown 2915, U9120ACF, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Fanny Cusset
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Piscia R, Manca M, Caroni R, Guilizzoni P, Bettinetti R. Zooplankton taxa repository of DDT tot and sumPCB 14: Seasonal and decadal variations in Lake Maggiore. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170563. [PMID: 38296082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Lake Maggiore has been the subject of a monitoring program on persistent organic pollutants (DDTs and PCBs) since 1996 when DDT contamination was first detected. In this context, in 2009 we started to estimate the concentration of DDTtot (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, sum of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, o,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, o,p-DDE) and sumPCB14 (polychlorinated biphenyls 18, 28, 31, 44, 52, 101, 118, 149, 138, 153, 170, 180, 194 and 209) in zooplankton pelagic organisms preyed on by zooplanktivorous fish (size fraction ≥450 μm). We evaluated taxa specific repositories of DDTtot and sumPCB14, their seasonal variation, their changes over the period 2009-2021 and the potential contribution of different taxa in transferring toxicants to whitefish, based on the Ivlev's Electivity Index. The repository of both POPs was generally higher in spring. A decrease in the zooplankton Standing Stock Biomass (SSB) drove a decline in the zooplankton DDTtot repository over the last six years (2016-2021 SSBmean = 12.5 mg m-3; 2009-2015; SSBmean = 30 mg m-3), despite the concentration being broadly constant during this period. The sumPCB14 repository was generally characterized by lower values during the last six years, but the difference with the previous period was not so marked. Daphnia and cyclopoids were the major contributors to the repository; however, when the whitefish selectivity index was applied, the role of carnivorous Bythotrephes was more important to the detriment of cyclopoids, particularly in summer and winter. Our results are useful to elaborate predictive models on the transfer of POPs along the food chain and highlight not only the importance of freshwater zooplankton in toto, but also that different taxa can have different roles. The increasing importance of microphagous zooplankton, driven by water warming and extended thermal stratification, underlines the need for future studies on the role of small zooplankton as carriers of POPs in freshwater lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Piscia
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Marina Manca
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Rossana Caroni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, Via Bassini, 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Guilizzoni
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation for the Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
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Gebru TB, Zhang Q, Dong C, Hao Y, Li C, Yang R, Li Y, Jiang G. The long-term spatial and temporal distributions of polychlorinated naphthalene air concentrations in Fildes Peninsula, West Antarctica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132824. [PMID: 37890383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the Antarctic atmosphere is quite limited compared to the Arctic. PCNs are a global concern because of their PBT characteristics (i.e., persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic) and severe and often deadly biological effects on people and other animals. Therefore, the present study used a passive air sampling method to conduct long-term air monitoring of PCNs for almost a decade from 2013 to 2022, specifically on Fildes Peninsula, situated on King George Island, located in West Antarctica. The median sum of mono-CNs to octa-CN concentration (∑75PCNs) in the Antarctic atmosphere was 12.4 pg/m3. In terms of homologues, mono-CNs to tri-CNs predominated. Among these, the prevalent congeners observed were PCN-1 and PCN-2, originating from mono-CNs, followed by PCN-5/7 from di-CNs, and PCN-24/14 from tri-CNs, respectively. Between 2013 and 2022, the total levels of PCNs were found to have decreased approximately fourfold. Ratio analyses and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the long-range atmospheric transport and combustion-related sources as the potential PCN sources in the study area. This paper provides the most up-to-date temporal trend analysis of PCNs in the Antarctic continent and is the first to document all 75 congeners (mono-CNs to octa-CN homologue groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Bekele Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Cui Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Ebinghaus R, Barbaro E, Bengtson Nash S, de Avila C, de Wit CA, Dulio V, Felden J, Franco A, Gandrass J, Grotti M, Herata H, Hughes KA, Jartun M, Joerss H, Kallenborn R, Koschorreck J, Küster A, Lohmann R, Wang Z, MacLeod M, Pugh R, Rauert C, Slobodnik J, Sühring R, Vorkamp K, Xie Z. Berlin statement on legacy and emerging contaminants in polar regions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138530. [PMID: 37001758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions should be given greater consideration with respect to the monitoring, risk assessment, and management of potentially harmful chemicals, consistent with requirements of the precautionary principle. Protecting the vulnerable polar environments requires (i) raising political and public awareness and (ii) restricting and preventing global emissions of harmful chemicals at their sources. The Berlin Statement is the outcome of an international workshop with representatives of the European Commission, the Arctic Council, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), environmental specimen banks, and data centers, as well as scientists from various international research institutions. The statement addresses urgent chemical pollution issues in the polar regions and provides recommendations for improving screening, monitoring, risk assessment, research cooperation, and open data sharing to provide environmental policy makers and chemicals management decision-makers with relevant and reliable contaminant data to better protect the polar environments. The consensus reached at the workshop can be summarized in just two words: "Act now!" Specifically, "Act now!" to reduce the presence and impact of anthropogenic chemical pollution in polar regions by. •Establishing participatory co-development frameworks in a permanent multi-disciplinary platform for Arctic-Antarctic collaborations and establishing exchanges between the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) of the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AnMAP) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to increase the visibility and exchange of contaminant data and to support the development of harmonized monitoring programs. •Integrating environmental specimen banking, innovative screening approaches and archiving systems, to provide opportunities for improved assessment of contaminants to protect polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- Griffith University, Centre of Planetary Health and Food Security, Australia
| | - Cristina de Avila
- European Commission, Safe and Sustainable Chemicals, DG Environment, Belgium
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Sweden
| | | | - Janine Felden
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, PANGAEA, Germany
| | - Antonio Franco
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
| | - Marco Grotti
- University of Genova, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Italy
| | | | | | - Morten Jartun
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Norway
| | - Hanna Joerss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway (NMBU), Norway; University of the Arctic Oulo, Finland
| | | | | | - Rainer Lohmann
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, USA
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Pugh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
| | | | | | - Roxana Sühring
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
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Pacchini S, Piva E, Schumann S, Irato P, Pellegrino D, Santovito G. An Experimental Study on Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Trematomus newnesi ( Boulenger, 1902) Experimentally Exposed to Perfluoro-Octanoic Acid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020352. [PMID: 36829911 PMCID: PMC9951861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica is the continent with the lowest local human impact; however, it is susceptible to pollution from external sources. Emerging pollutants such as perfluoroalkyl substances pose an increasing threat to this environment and therefore require more in-depth investigations to understand their environmental fate and biological impacts. The present study focuses on expression analysis at the transcriptional level of genes coding for four antioxidant enzymes (sod1, sod2, gpx1, and gpx4) in the liver and kidney of an Antarctic fish species, Trematomus newnesi (Boulenger, 1902). mRNA levels were also assessed in fish exposed to 1.5 μg/L of perfluoro-octanoic acid for 10 days. The kidney showed a higher level of expression than the liver in wildlife specimens. In the liver, the treatment induced an increase in gene expression for all the considered enzymes, whereas in the kidney, it induced a general decrease. The obtained results advance the scientific community's understanding of how the potential future presence of anthropogenic contaminants in the Southern Ocean can affect the antioxidant system of Antarctic fishes. The presence of pollutants belonging to the perfluoroalkyl substances in the Southern Ocean needs to be continuously monitored in parallel with this type of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pacchini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Piva
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sophia Schumann
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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