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Siddiqui KM, Durham DB, Cropp F, Ji F, Paiagua S, Ophus C, Andresen NC, Jin L, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang X, You W, Murnane M, Centurion M, Wang X, Slaughter DS, Kaindl RA, Musumeci P, Minor AM, Filippetto D. Relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction at high repetition rates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064302. [PMID: 38058995 PMCID: PMC10697722 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) emerge as one of the forefront techniques with the sensitivity to resolve atomic motions. Increasingly sophisticated UED instruments are being developed that are aimed at increasing the beam brightness in order to observe structural signatures, but so far they have been limited to low average current beams. Here, we present the technical design and capabilities of the HiRES (High Repetition-rate Electron Scattering) instrument, which blends relativistic electrons and high repetition rates to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in average beam current compared to the existing state-of-the-art instruments. The setup utilizes a novel electron source to deliver femtosecond duration electron pulses at up to MHz repetition rates for UED experiments. Instrument response function of sub-500 fs is demonstrated with < 100 fs time resolution targeted in future. We provide example cases of diffraction measurements on solid-state and gas-phase samples, including both micro- and nanodiffraction (featuring 100 nm beam size) modes, which showcase the potential of the instrument for novel UED experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Siddiqui
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - F. Ji
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Paiagua
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C. Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N. C. Andresen
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L. Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W. You
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - D. S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P. Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - D. Filippetto
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Nakazawa K, Mitsuishi K. Development of temporal series 4D-STEM and application to relaxation time measurement. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023; 72:446-449. [PMID: 36639934 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffraction patterns contain useful information about the materials. Recent developments in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and the acquisition of the spatial distribution of diffraction patterns have produced significant results. The acquisition of a temporal series of diffractions is achieved for a stationary beam. However, the acquisition of spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns has only been established under limited conditions. In this study, we developed a simple method that enables the recording of the spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns and applied it to the relaxation time measurement that is robust to sample drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Nakazawa
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Nakamura A, Shimojima T, Ishizaka K. Characterizing an Optically Induced Sub-micrometer Gigahertz Acoustic Wave in a Silicon Thin Plate. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2490-2495. [PMID: 36944354 PMCID: PMC10103304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optically induced GHz-THz guided acoustic waves have been intensively studied because of the potential to realize noninvasive and noncontact material inspection. Although the generation of photoinduced guided acoustic waves utilizing nanostructures, such as ultrathin plates, nanowires, and materials interfaces, is being established, experimental characterization of these acoustic waves in consideration of the finite size effect has been difficult due to the lack of experimental methods with nm × ps resolution. Here we experimentally observe the sub-micrometer guided acoustic waves in a nanofabricated ultrathin silicon plate by ultrafast transmission electron microscopy with nm × ps precision. We successfully characterize the excited guided acoustic wave in frequency-wavenumber space by applying Fourier-transformation analysis on the bright-field movie. These results suggest the great potential of ultrafast transmission electron microscopy to characterize the acoustic modes realized in various nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nakamura
- RIKEN
Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Ishizaka
- RIKEN
Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum-Phase
Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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