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Beerkens BL, Andrianopoulou V, Wang X, Liu R, van Westen GJP, Jespers W, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH, van der Es D. N-Acyl- N-Alkyl Sulfonamide Probes for Ligand-Directed Covalent Labeling of GPCRs: The Adenosine A 2B Receptor as Case Study. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1554-1562. [PMID: 38920052 PMCID: PMC11267576 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Small molecular tool compounds play an essential role in the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, tool compounds most often occupy the orthosteric binding site, hampering the study of GPCRs upon ligand binding. To overcome this problem, ligand-directed labeling techniques have been developed that leave a reporter group covalently bound to the GPCR, while allowing subsequent orthosteric ligands to bind. In this work, we applied such a labeling strategy to the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). We have synthetically implemented the recently reported N-acyl-N-alkyl sulfonamide (NASA) warhead into a previously developed ligand and show that the binding of the A2BAR is not restricted by NASA incorporation. Furthermore, we have investigated ligand-directed labeling of the A2BAR using SDS-PAGE, flow cytometric, and mass spectrometry techniques. We have found one of the synthesized probes to specifically label the A2BAR, although detection was hindered by nonspecific protein labeling most likely due to the intrinsic reactivity of the NASA warhead. Altogether, this work aids the future development of ligand-directed probes for the detection of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert L.
H. Beerkens
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode
Institute, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Andrianopoulou
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jespers
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode
Institute, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hillebrand L, Liang XJ, Serafim RAM, Gehringer M. Emerging and Re-emerging Warheads for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: An Update. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7668-7758. [PMID: 38711345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors and other types of covalent modalities have seen a revival in the past two decades, with a variety of new targeted covalent drugs having been approved in recent years. A key feature of such molecules is an intrinsically reactive group, typically a weak electrophile, which enables the irreversible or reversible formation of a covalent bond with a specific amino acid of the target protein. This reactive group, often called the "warhead", is a critical determinant of the ligand's activity, selectivity, and general biological properties. In 2019, we summarized emerging and re-emerging warhead chemistries to target cysteine and other amino acids (Gehringer, M.; Laufer, S. A. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, 5673-5724; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01153). Since then, the field has rapidly evolved. Here we discuss the progress on covalent warheads made since our last Perspective and their application in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Julia Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A M Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Craig A, Kogler J, Laube M, Ullrich M, Donat CK, Wodtke R, Kopka K, Stadlbauer S. Preparation of 18F-Labeled Tracers Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein via Sulfur [ 18F]Fluoride Exchange Reaction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 38140090 PMCID: PMC10747913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and treatment of cancers can significantly increase patient prognosis and enhance the quality of life of affected patients. The emerging significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a new frontier for cancer diagnosis and therapy may be exploited by radiolabeled tracers for diagnostic imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the TME are identified by biomarkers such as fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα), which are expressed on their surfaces. Targeting FAPα using small-molecule 18F-labeled inhibitors (FAPIs) has recently garnered significant attention for non-invasive tumor visualization using PET. Herein, two potent aryl-fluorosulfate-based FAPIs, 12 and 13, were synthetically prepared, and their inhibition potency was determined using a fluorimetric FAP assay to be IC50 9.63 and 4.17 nM, respectively. Radiofluorination was performed via the sulfur [18F]fluoride exchange ([18F]SuFEx) reaction to furnish [18F]12 and [18F]13 in high activity yields (AY) of 39-56% and molar activities (Am) between 20-55 GBq/µmol. In vitro experiments focused on the stability of the radiolabeled FAPIs after incubation with human serum, liver microsomes and liver cytosol. Preliminary PET studies of the radioligands were performed in healthy mice to investigate the in vivo biodistribution and 18F defluorination rate. Fast pharmacokinetics for the FAP-targeting tracers were retained and considerable bone uptake, caused by either 18F defluorination or radioligand accumulation, was observed. In summary, our findings demonstrate the efficiency of [18F]SuFEx as a radiolabeling method as well as its advantages and limitations with respect to PET tracer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Craig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Jürgen Kogler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Cornelius K. Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Homer JA, Xu L, Kayambu N, Zheng Q, Choi EJ, Kim BM, Sharpless KB, Zuilhof H, Dong J, Moses JE. Sulfur fluoride exchange. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2023; 3:58. [PMID: 38873592 PMCID: PMC11171465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) is a click reaction par excellence that has revolutionized multiple research fields. In this Primer, we delve into the essential elements of SuFEx operation, catalysis, and SuFExable connective hubs. We also explore the cutting-edge applications of SuFEx in drug development, polymer science, and biochemistry. Additionally, we examine the potential limitations and promising prospects for this versatile click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Homer
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, NY 11724, USA
| | - Long Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Namitharan Kayambu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qinheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Current affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eun Joung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Byeong Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - John E. Moses
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, NY 11724, USA
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