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Gao J, Yan X, Gu X, Fu X, Chang Q, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Huang C, Li Y. The Alkynyl π Bond of sp-C Enhanced Rapid, Reversible Li-C Coupling to Accelerate Reaction Kinetics of Lithium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39300785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a promising anode for rechargeable batteries with high capacity, outstanding cyclic stability, and low diffusion energy. The unique structure of GDY endows distinctive mechanisms for metal-ion storage, and it is of great significance to further visualize the complex reaction kinetics of the redox process. Here, we systematically tracked the reaction kinetics and provided mechanistic insights into the lithium ions in the GDY to reveal the feature of the cation-π effect. It has been demonstrated that, unlike only one π bond in sp2-C, π electrons provided by one of the two alkynyl π bonds in sp-C can achieve proper interaction and speedy capture of lithium ions; thus, reversible Li-C coupling can be formed between electron-rich sp-C and lithium ions. In addition to interlayer intercalation in sp2-C regions, nanopores filling triangular-like cavities composed of highly conjugated sp-C contribute to the major capacity in flat voltage plateau regions. Therefore, a capture/pores filling-intercalation hybrid mechanism can be found in GDY. The coexistence of sp and sp2 carbon enables GDY electrodes with rapid Li+ diffusion, high capacity of over 1435 mAh g-1, extraordinary rate capability, and cyclic stability for more than 10000 cycles at 10A g-1. These results provide guidance for developing advanced carbon electrodes with optimized reaction kinetics for rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchi Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingru Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyao Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Wang N, Li Y. The Accurate Synthesis of a Multiscale Metallic Interface on Graphdiyne. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301571. [PMID: 38795321 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
The accurate construction of composite material systems containing graphdiyne (GDY) and other metallic materials has promoted the formation of innovative structures and practical applications in the fields of energy, catalysis, optoelectronics, and biomedicine. To fulfill the practical requirements, the precise formation of multiscale interfaces over a wide range, from single atoms to nanostructures, plays an important role in the optimization of the structural design and properties. The intrinsic correlations between the structure, synthesis process, characteristic properties, and device performance are systematically investigated. This review outlines the current research achievements regarding the controlled formation of multiscale metallic interfaces on GDY. Synthetic strategies for interface regulation, as well as the correlation between the structure and performance, are presented. Furthermore, innovative research ideas for the design and synthesis of functional metal-based materials loaded onto GDY-based substances are also provided, demonstrating the promising application potential of GDY-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Qi L, Liu J, He F, Wang N, Li Y. Microcrystalline Nanofiber Electrode with Adaptive Intrinsic Structure and Microscopic Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308905. [PMID: 37988690 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A strategy of microcrystalline aggregation is proposed to fabricate energy storage electrode with outstanding capacity and stability. Carbon-rich electrode (BDTG) functionalized with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene units and butadiyne segments are prepared. The linear conjugate chains pack as microcrystalline nanofibers on nanoscale, which further aggregates to form a porous interpenetrating network. The microcrystalline aggregation feature of BDTG exhibit stable structure during long cycling test, revealing the following advantage in structure and property. The stretchable butadiyne linker facilitates reversible adsorption and desorption of Li with the aid of adjacent sulfur heteroatom. The alkyne-alkene transition exhibits intrinsic structural stability of microcrystalline region in BDTG electrodes. Meanwhile, alkynyl groups and sulfur heteroatoms on the surface of BDTG nanofibers participate in the formation of microscopic interface, providing a stable interfacial contact between BDTG electrodes and adjacent electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept, BDTG-based electrode shows high capacity (1430 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1) and excellent cycle performance (8000 cycles under 5 A g-1) in half-cell of lithium-ion batteries, and a reversible capacity of 120 mAh g-1 is obtained under the current density of 2 C in full-cell. This work shows microcrystalline aggregation is beneficial to realize adaptive intrinsic structure and interface contact during the charge-discharge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Feng He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Xiao Y, Chen X, Jian J, Cheng Y, Zou Y, Su Y, Wu Q, Tang C, Zhang Z, Wang MS, Zheng J, Yang Y. Electrolyte Engineering Empowers Li||CF x Batteries to Achieve High Energy Density and Low Self-Discharge at Harsh Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308472. [PMID: 37946668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Given its exceptional theoretical energy density (over 2000 Wh kg-1), lithium||carbon fluoride (Li||CFx) battery has garnered global attention. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)-based electrolyte is regarded as one promising candidate for tremendously enhancing the energy density of Li||CFx battery, provided self-discharge challenges can be resolved. This study successfully achieves a low self-discharge (LSD) and desirable electrochemical performance in Li||CFx batteries at high temperatures by utilizing NMP as the solvent and incorporating additional ingredients, including vinylene carbonate additive, as well as the dual-salt systems formed by LiBF4 with three different Li salts, namely lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, and LiNO3. The experimental results unfold that the proposed methods not only minimize aluminum current collector corrosion, but also effectively passivate the Li metal anode. Among them, LiNO3 exhibits the most pronounced effect that achieves an energy density of ≈2400 Wh kg-1 at a current density of 10 mA g-1 at 30 °C, nearly 0% capacity-fade rate after 300 h of storage at 60 °C, and the capability to maintain a stable open-circuit voltage over 4000 h. This work provides a distinctive perspective on how to realize both high energy density and LSD rates at high temperature of Li||CFx battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xunxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Junhua Jian
- Research Institute, Ningde Amperex Technology Limited, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Research Institute, Ningde Amperex Technology Limited, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Zhongru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Luo Z, Luo S, Yang M, Mao W, Dai C, Pan Y, Wu D, Pan J, Ouyang X. Revealing the Mechano-Electrochemical Coupling Behavior and Discharge Mechanism of Fluorinated Carbon Cathodes toward High-Power Lithium Primary Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305980. [PMID: 37800615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Unclear reaction mechanisms and unsatisfactory power performance hinder the further development of advanced lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CFx ) batteries. Herein, the mechano-electrochemical coupling behavior of a CFx cathode is investigated by in situ monitoring strain/stress using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, electrochemical methods, and theoretical equations. The DIC monitoring results present the distribution and dynamic evolution of the plane strain and indicate strong dependence toward the material structure and discharge rate. The average plane principal strain of fully discharged 2D fluorinated graphene nanosheets (FGNSs) at 0.5 C is 0.50%, which is only 38.5% that of conventional bulk-structure CFx . Furthermore, the superior structural stability of the FGNSs is demonstrated by the microstructure and component characterization before and after discharge. The plane stress evolution is calculated based on theoretical equations, and the contributions of electrochemical and mechanical factors are examined and discussed. Subsequently, a structure-dependent three-region discharge mechanism for CFx electrodes is proposed from a mechanical perspective. Additionally, the surface deformation of Li/FGNSs pouch cells formed during the discharge process is monitored using in situ DIC. This study reveals the discharge mechanism of Li/CFx batteries and facilitates the design of advanced CFx materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Luo
- College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Shun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Weiguo Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410076, China
| | - Cuiying Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410076, China
| | - Yong Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Dazhuan Wu
- College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Junan Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
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