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Fan MH, Pi JK, Zou CY, Jiang YL, Li QJ, Zhang XZ, Xing F, Nie R, Han C, Xie HQ. Hydrogel-exosome system in tissue engineering: A promising therapeutic strategy. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:1-30. [PMID: 38699243 PMCID: PMC11061651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterized by their pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, cell proliferation, and immune regulation during tissue repair, exosomes have emerged as a promising avenue for "cell-free therapy" in clinical applications. Hydrogels, possessing commendable biocompatibility, degradability, adjustability, and physical properties akin to biological tissues, have also found extensive utility in tissue engineering and regenerative repair. The synergistic combination of exosomes and hydrogels holds the potential not only to enhance the efficiency of exosomes but also to collaboratively advance the tissue repair process. This review has summarized the advancements made over the past decade in the research of hydrogel-exosome systems for regenerating various tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves and tendons, with a focus on the methods for encapsulating and releasing exosomes within the hydrogels. It has also critically examined the gaps and limitations in current research, whilst proposed future directions and potential applications of this innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jin-Kui Pi
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Chen-Yu Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qian-Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China
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Wang K, Dong Y, Gan D, Zhang Y, Lai Y, Liu P. Polydopamine-armored zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-incorporated zwitterionic hydrogel with multifunctional properties for infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133464. [PMID: 38945331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic skin wound healing is compromised by bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and vascular disruption, leading to delayed recovery and potential complications. This study developed an antibacterial, antioxidant, and adhesive hydrogel dressing that promotes rapid bacterial-infected diabetic wound healing using the biological macromolecule of polydopamine (PDA). This hydrogel comprised PDA-armored zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (PDA@ZIF-8 NPs) combined with a second armor of zwitterionic polymer network (poly(acrylamide-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate); PAS), realizing low concentration Zn2+ release, good adhesion (14.7 kPa for porcine skin), and improved tensile strength (83.2 kPa). The hydrogel exhibited good antibacterial efficacy against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, 92.8 %), Escherichia coli (E. coli, 99.6 %) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 99.2 %), which was attributed to the properties of the incorporated PDA@ZIF-8 NPs. Notably, in vitro, the PDA@ZIF-8 PAS hydrogel not only promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration but also facilitated endothelial cell angiogenesis. In vivo, the PDA@ZIF-8 PAS hydrogel retained its Zn2+-releasing function and effectively suppressed bacterial growth in infected wounds, thereby accelerating the regeneration of both normal and diabetic wounds. This multiarmored hydrogel is a promising sustained-release carrier for functional metal ions and drugs, making it applicable for not only skin healing, but potentially the regeneration of other complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yaning Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Donglin Gan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Youjin Lai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Liu K, Zhao Z, Zheng S, Liu A, Wang Y, Chen L, Miao Q. High Ion-Conducting PVA Nanocomposite Hydrogel-Based Wearable Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Sensors for Harsh Environments. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4384-4393. [PMID: 38822786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Traditional hydrogel-based wearable sensors with flexibility, biocompatibility, and mechanical compliance exhibit potential applications in flexible wearable electronics. However, the low sensitivity and poor environmental resistance of traditional hydrogels severely limit their practical application. Herein, high-ion-conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated and applied for harsh environments. MXene ion-conducting microchannels and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) ion sources contributed to the directional transport of abundant free ions in the hydrogel, which significantly improved the sensitivity and mechanical-electric conversion of the nanocomposite hydrogel-based piezoelectric and triboelectric sensors. More importantly, the glycerol as an antifreezing agent enabled the hydrogel-based sensors to function in harsh environments. Therefore, the nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited high gauge factor (GF) at -20 °C (GF = 3.37) and 60 °C (GF = 3.62), enabling the hydrogel-based sensor to distinguish different writing letters and sounding words. Meanwhile, the hydrogel-based piezoelectric and triboelectric generators showed excellent mechanical-electric conversion performance regardless of low- (-20 °C) or high- (60 °C) temperature environments, which can be applied as a visual feedback system for information transmission without external power sources. This work provides self-powered nanocomposite hydrogel-based sensors that exhibit potential applications in flexible wearable electronics under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Zheng
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Afei Liu
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yingyue Wang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qingxian Miao
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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Zhao F, Qiu Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Bian L, Shao L. Biomimetic Hydrogels as the Inductive Endochondral Ossification Template for Promoting Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303532. [PMID: 38108565 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Repairing critical size bone defects (CSBD) is a major clinical challenge and requires effective intervention by biomaterial scaffolds. Inspired by the fact that the cartilaginous template-based endochondral ossification (ECO) process is crucial to bone healing and development, developing biomimetic biomaterials to promote ECO is recognized as a promising approach for repairing CSBD. With the unique highly hydrated 3D polymeric network, hydrogels can be designed to closely emulate the physiochemical properties of cartilage matrix to facilitate ECO. In this review, the various preparation methods of hydrogels possessing the specific physiochemical properties required for promoting ECO are introduced. The materiobiological impacts of the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, such as mechanical properties, topographical structures and chemical compositions on ECO, and the associated molecular mechanisms related to the BMP, Wnt, TGF-β, HIF-1α, FGF, and RhoA signaling pathways are further summarized. This review provides a detailed coverage on the materiobiological insights required for the design and preparation of hydrogel-based biomaterials to facilitate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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5
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Kościelniak P, Więckowska A, Karbarz M, Kaniewska K. Nanocomposite hydrogel for skin motion sensing - An antifreezing, nanoreinforced hydrogel with decorated AuNP as a multicrosslinker. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:392-404. [PMID: 38941933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a nanocomposite hydrogel designed for skin motion sensing. The hydrogel is based on poly(acrylamide) crosslinked with gold nanoparticles covalently bound to the polymer matrix, yielding a robust, highly elastic and conductive material. The choice of amino acid derivative - N,N'-diacryloylcystine salt (BISS) - as a crosslinker allows for the introduction of gold nanoparticles, due to the presence of sulfide groups in its structure. During the nanoparticle modification process, covalent bonds between gold and sulfur atoms are formed as the disulfide bond is cleaved. In result of this self-assembly process, a multifunctional Au-BISS crosslinker is formed, enhancing the material's mechanical properties and introducing electrical conductivity. To confer anti-freezing properties and limit water evaporation, a binary mixture of water and glycerol was used. The resultant hydrogel exhibits high elasticity, strain sensitivity across a wide strain range and various types of deformation (elongation, bending, compression) with exceptional response time (120 ms) and recovery time (90 ms). The material's cold-resistance, resilience, and conductivity make it well-suited for real-time monitoring of joint movements and speech recognition, with potential applications in electronic skin and healthcare monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kościelniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland; Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Więckowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland; Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kaniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland; Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Mamidi N, De Silva FF, Vacas AB, Gutiérrez Gómez JA, Montes Goo NY, Mendoza DR, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Multifaceted Hydrogel Scaffolds: Bridging the Gap between Biomedical Needs and Environmental Sustainability. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401195. [PMID: 38824416 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are dynamically evolving 3D networks composed of hydrophilic polymer scaffolds with significant applications in the healthcare and environmental sectors. Notably, protein-based hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix, promoting cell adhesion. Further enhancing cell proliferation within these scaffolds are matrix-metalloproteinase-triggered amino acid motifs. Integration of cell-friendly modules like peptides and proteins expands hydrogel functionality. These exceptional properties position hydrogels for diverse applications, including biomedicine, biosensors, environmental remediation, and the food industry. Despite significant progress, there is ongoing research to optimize hydrogels for biomedical and environmental applications further. Engineering novel hydrogels with favorable characteristics is crucial for regulating tissue architecture and facilitating ecological remediation. This review explores the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological implications of various hydrogel types and their extensive applications in biomedicine and environmental sectors. It elaborates on their potential applications, bridging the gap between advancements in the healthcare sector and solutions for environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Fátima Franco De Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bedón Vacas
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Javier Adonay Gutiérrez Gómez
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Naomi Yael Montes Goo
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Daniela Ruiz Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Chenani H, Saeidi M, Rastkhiz MA, Bolghanabadi N, Aghaii AH, Orouji M, Hatamie A, Simchi A. Challenges and Advances of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Biofluids: From Lab to Market. A Review. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8160-8183. [PMID: 38377558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Chenani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aghaii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Orouji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, PO Box 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for Bioscience and Technology, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
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Wang X, Niu J, Hadi MK, Guo D, Zhang Y, Yu M, Zhou Q, Ran F. Dual-Site Biomacromolecule Doped Poly(3, 4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) for Bosting Both Anticoagulant and Electrochemical Performances. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401134. [PMID: 38772529 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a new generation of intelligent conductive polymers, is attracting much attention in the field of tissue engineering. However, its water dispersibility, conductivity, and biocompatibility are incompatible, which limit its further development. In this work, biocompatible electrode material of PEDOT doped with sodium sulfonated alginate (SS) which contains two functional groups of sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid per repeat unit of the macromolecule. The as dual-site doping strategy simultaneously boosts anticoagulant and electrochemical performances, for example, good hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 59.40°), well dispersibility (dispersion solution unstratified in 30 days), high conductivity (4.45 S m-1), and enhanced anticoagulant property (extended activated partial thrombin time value of 59.0 s), forming an adjustable PEDOT: biomacromolecule interface; this fills the technical gap of implantable bioelectronics in terms of coagulation and thrombosis risk. At the same time, the assembled all-in-one supercapacitor with anticoagulant properties is prepared by PEDOT: sodium sulfonated alginate as electrode material and sodium alginate hydrogel as electrolyte layer. The dual-site doping strategy provides a new opinion for the design and optimization of functional conductive polymers and its applications in implantable energy storage fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Jianzhou Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Mohammed Kamal Hadi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Dongli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Meimei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Fen Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymeric Materials Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
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Shao Z, Ding L, Zhu W, Fan C, Di K, Yuan R, Wang K. Highly selective detection and removal of mercury ions in the aquatic environment based on magnetic ZIF-71 multifunctional composites with sufficient chlorine functional groups. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171085. [PMID: 38387584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of both detection and removal technologies for heavy metal ions is of great importance. Most of the existing adsorbents that contain oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur functional groups can remove heavy metals, but achieving both selective detection and removal of a single metal ion is difficult because they bind to a wide range of heavy metal ions. Herein, we selected zeolite imidazolium hydrochloride framework-71 (ZIF-71) with sufficient chlorine functional groups to fabricate magnetic ZIF-71 multifunctional composites (M-ZIF-71). M-ZIF-71 had a large specific surface area, excellent water stability, and good magnetic properties, which made M-ZIF-71 conducive to the separation and recovery of adsorbents and the assembly of electrodes. M-ZIF-71 exhibited high selectivity, wide linear range (1-500 μg/L), and low detection limit (0.32 μg/L) for electrochemical detection of mercury ions (Hg2+). Meanwhile, M-ZIF-71 demonstrated rapid Hg2+ adsorption with a high capacity of 571.2 mg/g and excellent recyclability. The high selectivity for Hg2+ was attributed to the powerful affinity of highly electronegative chlorine and Hg2+. Moreover, XPS spectra demonstrated the interaction between chlorine and Hg2+. This work provides a new inspiration for applications in the targeted monitoring and removal of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lijun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Weiran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Cunhao Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kezuo Di
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ruishuang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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10
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Yue O, Wang X, Xie L, Bai Z, Zou X, Liu X. Biomimetic Exogenous "Tissue Batteries" as Artificial Power Sources for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices Manufacturing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307369. [PMID: 38196276 PMCID: PMC10953594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronic devices (IBDs) have gained attention for their capacity to conformably detect physiological and pathological signals and further provide internal therapy. However, traditional power sources integrated into these IBDs possess intricate limitations such as bulkiness, rigidity, and biotoxicity. Recently, artificial "tissue batteries" (ATBs) have diffusely developed as artificial power sources for IBDs manufacturing, enabling comprehensive biological-activity monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy. ATBs are on-demand and designed to accommodate the soft and confining curved placement space of organisms, minimizing interface discrepancies, and providing ample power for clinical applications. This review presents the near-term advancements in ATBs, with a focus on their miniaturization, flexibility, biodegradability, and power density. Furthermore, it delves into material-screening, structural-design, and energy density across three distinct categories of TBs, distinguished by power supply strategies. These types encompass innovative energy storage devices (chemical batteries and supercapacitors), power conversion devices that harness power from human-body (biofuel cells, thermoelectric nanogenerators, bio-potential devices, piezoelectric harvesters, and triboelectric devices), and energy transfer devices that receive and utilize external energy (radiofrequency-ultrasound energy harvesters, ultrasound-induced energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Ultimately, future challenges and prospects emphasize ATBs with the indispensability of bio-safety, flexibility, and high-volume energy density as crucial components in long-term implantable bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Zhongxue Bai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xiaoliang Zou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
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11
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Xie C, Xu J, Wang X, Jiang S, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Jia Z, Jia Z, Lu X. Smart Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300339. [PMID: 37848181 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in the portion of the aging population has led to a consequent increase in demand for biomedical hydrogels, together with an assortment of challenges that need to be overcome in this field. Smart hydrogels can autonomously sense and respond to the physiological/pathological changes of the tissue microenvironment and continuously adapt the response according to the dynamic spatiotemporal shifts in conditions. This along with other favorable properties, make smart hydrogels excellent materials for employing toward improving the precision of treatment for age-related diseases. The key factor during the smart hydrogel design is on accurately identifying the characteristics of natural tissues and faithfully replicating the composition, structure, and biological functions of these tissues at the molecular level. Such hydrogels can accurately sense distinct physiological and external factors such as temperature and biologically active molecules, so they may in turn actively and promptly adjust their response, by regulating their own biological effects, thereby promoting damaged tissue repair. This review summarizes the design strategies employed in the creation of smart hydrogels, their response mechanisms, as well as their applications in field of tissue engineering; and concludes by briefly discussing the relevant challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Shengxi Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zexin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zhuo Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zhanrong Jia
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
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12
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Zheng H, Zhou H, Zheng B, Wei C, Ma A, Jin X, Chen W, Liu H. Stable Flexible Electronic Devices under Harsh Conditions Enabled by Double-Network Hydrogels Containing Binary Cations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7768-7779. [PMID: 38294427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are increasingly used in flexible electronic devices, but the mechanical and electrochemical stabilities of hydrogel devices are often limited under specific harsh conditions. Herein, chemically/physically cross-linked double-network (DN) hydrogels containing binary cations Zn2+ and Li+ are constructed in order to address the above challenges. Double networks of chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) and physically cross-linked κ-Carrageenan (κ-CG) are designed to account for the mechanical robustness while binary cations endow the hydrogels with excellent ionic conductivity and outstanding environmental adaptability. Excellent mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity (25 °C, 2.26 S·m-1; -25 °C, 1.54 S·m-1) have been achieved. Utilizing the DN hydrogels containing binary cations as signal-converting materials, we fabricated flexible mechanosensors. High gauge factors (resistive strain sensors, 2.4; capacitive pressure sensors, 0.82 kPa-1) and highly stable sensing ability have been achieved. Interestingly, zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors containing the DN hydrogels containing binary cations as electrolytes have achieved an initial capacity of 52.5 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 3 A·g-1 and a capacity retention rate of 82.9% after 19,000 cycles. Proper working of the zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors at subzero conditions and stable charge-discharge for more than 19,000 cycles at -25 °C have been demonstrated. Overall, DN hydrogels containing binary cations have provided promising materials for high-performance flexible electronic devices under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Bohui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjuan Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Aijie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xilang Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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13
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Liu Y, Li G, Huan L, Cao S. Advancements in silicon carbide-based supercapacitors: materials, performance, and emerging applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:504-526. [PMID: 38108473 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for supercapacitor electrodes due to their unique properties, which encompass a broad electrochemical stability range, exceptional mechanical strength, and resistance to extreme conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in SiC nanomaterials for supercapacitors. It encompasses diverse synthesis methods for SiC nanomaterials, including solid-state, gas-phase, and liquid-phase synthesis techniques, while also discussing the advantages and challenges associated with each method. Furthermore, this review places a particular emphasis on the electrochemical performance of SiC-based supercapacitors, highlighting the pivotal role of SiC nanostructures and porous architectures in enhancing specific capacitance and cycling stability. A deep dive into SiC-based composite materials, such as SiC/carbon composites and SiC/metal oxide hybrids, is also included, showcasing their potential to elevate energy density and cycling stability. Finally, the paper outlines prospective research directions aimed at surmounting existing challenges and fully harnessing SiC's potential in the development of next-generation supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwen Liu
- School of Materials Sciences and Technology, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Guanghuan Li
- School of Materials Sciences and Technology, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Li Huan
- Department of Library, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Sheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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14
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Chen L, Wang X, Chen M, Sun Q, Chen Y, Zhang X, Hong R, Xu Y, Guan J, Hong S, Cao D, Sun T, Li X, Chen L, Diwu J. Self-Aggregated Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework for Targeted Pulmonary Decorporation of Uranium. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300510. [PMID: 37377120 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of effective agents for removing actinides from the lungs significantly restricts the effectiveness of medical treatments for nuclear emergencies. Inhalation is the primary route of internal contamination in 44.3% of actinide-related accidents, leading to the accumulation of radionuclides in the lungs and resulting in infections and potential tumor formation (tumorigenesis). This study focuses on the synthesis of a nanometal-organic framework (nMOF) material called ZIF-71-COOH, which is achieved by post-synthetic carboxyl functionalization of ZIF-71. The material demonstrates high and selective adsorption of uranyl, while also exhibiting increased particle size (≈2100 nm) when it aggregates in the blood, enabling passive targeting of the lungs through mechanical filtration. This unique property facilitates the rapid enrichment and selective recognition of uranyl, making nano ZIF-71-COOH highly effective in removing uranyl from the lungs. The findings of this study highlight the potential of self-aggregated nMOFs as a promising drug delivery system for targeted uranium decorporation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qiwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yemeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yigong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingwen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sheng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dehan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tingfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ximeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lanhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Juan Diwu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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