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Xiao S, Wang J, Digiacomo L, Amici A, De Lorenzi V, Pugliese LA, Cardarelli F, Cerrato A, Laganà A, Cui L, Papi M, Caracciolo G, Marchini C, Pozzi D. Protein corona alleviates adverse biological effects of nanoplastics in breast cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:16671-16683. [PMID: 39171675 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Pollution from micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) has long been a topic of concern due to its potential impact on human health. MNPs can circulate through human blood and, thus far, have been found in the lungs, spleen, stomach, liver, kidneys and even in the brain, placenta, and breast milk. While data are already available on the adverse biological effects of pristine MNPs (e.g. oxidative stress, inflammation, cytotoxicity, and even cancer induction), no report thus far clarified whether the same effects are modulated by the formation of a protein corona around MNPs. To this end, here we use pristine and human-plasma pre-coated polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) and investigate them in cultured breast cancer cells both in terms of internalization and cell biochemical response to the exposure. It is found that pristine NPs tend to stick to the cell membrane and inhibit HER-2-driven signaling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, which are associated with cancer cell survival and growth. By contrast, the formation of a protein corona around the same NPs can promote their uptake by endocytic vesicles and final sequestration within lysosomes. Of note is that such intracellular fate of PS-NPs is associated with mitigation of the biochemical alterations of the phosphorylated AKT (pAKT)/AKT and phosphorylated ERK (pERK)/ERK levels. These findings provide the distribution of NPs in human breast cancer cells, may broaden our understanding of the interactions between NPs and breast cancer cells and underscore the crucial role of the protein corona in modulating the impact of MNPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Xiao
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Licia Anna Pugliese
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lishan Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Cui L, Perini G, Augello A, Palmieri V, De Spirito M, Papi M. Plant-derived extracellular nanovesicles: a promising biomedical approach for effective targeting of triple negative breast cancer cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1390708. [PMID: 38952670 PMCID: PMC11215178 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1390708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases, faces limited treatment options often accompanied by severe side effects. In recent years, natural extracellular nanovesicles derived from plants have emerged as promising candidates for cancer therapy, given their safety profile marked by non-immunogenicity and absence of inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, the potential anti-cancer effects of Citrus limon L.-derived extracellular nanovesicles (CLENs) for breast cancer treatment is still unexplored. Methods: In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of CLENs on two TNBC cell lines (4T1 and HCC-1806 cells) under growth conditions in 2D and 3D culture environments. The cellular uptake efficiency of CLENs and their internalization mechanism were evaluated in both cells using confocal microscopy. Thereafter, we assessed the effect of different concentrations of CLENs on cell viability over time using a dual approach of Calcein-AM PI live-dead assay and CellTiter-Glo bioluminescence assay. We also examined the influence of CLENs on the migratory and evasion abilities of TNBC cells through wound healing and 3D Matrigel drop evasion assays. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was employed to investigate the effects of CLENs on the phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal- regulated kinase (ERK) expression. Results: We found that CLENs were internalized by the cells via endocytosis, leading to decreased cell viability, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, the migration and evasion abilities of TNBC cells were significantly inhibited under exposed to 40 and 80 μg/mL CLENs. Furthermore, down-regulated expression levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), suggesting that the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and evasion is driven by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Discussion: Overall, our results demonstrate the anti-tumor efficiency of CLENs against TNBC cells, highlighting their potential as promising natural anti-cancer agents for clinical applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Augello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (C.N.R.), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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Arezki Y, Harmouch E, Delalande F, Rapp M, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Galli O, Cianférani S, Lebeau L, Pons F, Ronzani C. The interplay between lysosome, protein corona and biological effects of cationic carbon dots: Role of surface charge titratability. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123388. [PMID: 37683981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanoparticles (NPs) with potential applications in the biomedical field. When in contact with biological fluids, most NPs are covered by a protein corona. As well, upon cell entry, most NP are sequestered in the lysosome. However, the interplay between the lysosome, the protein corona and the biological effects of NPs is still poorly understood. In this context, we investigated the role of the lysosome in the toxicological responses evoked by four cationic CDs exhibiting protonatable or non-protonatable amine groups at their surface, and the associated changes in the CD protein corona. The four CDs accumulated in the lysosome and led to lysosomal swelling, loss lysosome integrity, cathepsin B activation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and cell death by pyroptosis in a human macrophage model, but with a stronger effect for CDs with titratable amino groups. The protein corona formed around CDs in contact with serum partially dissociated under lysosomal conditions with subsequent protein rearrangement, as assessed by quantitative proteomic analysis. The residual protein corona still contained binding proteins, catalytic proteins, and proteins involved in the proteasome, glycolysis, or PI3k-Akt KEGG pathways, but with again a more pronounced effect for CDs with titratable amino groups. These results demonstrate an interplay between lysosome, protein corona and biological effects of cationic NPs in link with the titratability of NP surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Arezki
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ezeddine Harmouch
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - François Delalande
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mickaël Rapp
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Schaeffer-Reiss
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ophélie Galli
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Carole Ronzani
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Forte G, La Mendola D, Satriano C. The Hybrid Nano-Biointerface between Proteins/Peptides and Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. Molecules 2023; 28:7064. [PMID: 37894543 PMCID: PMC10609159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In typical protein-nanoparticle surface interactions, the biomolecule surface binding and consequent conformational changes are intermingled with each other and are pivotal to the multiple functional properties of the resulting hybrid bioengineered nanomaterial. In this review, we focus on the peculiar properties of the layer formed when biomolecules, especially proteins and peptides, face two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge and the current challenges concerning the biomolecule coronas and, in general, the 2D nano-biointerface established when peptides and proteins interact with the nanosheet surface. Specifically, this review includes both experimental and simulation studies, including some recent machine learning results of a wide range of nanomaterial and peptide/protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Satriano
- NanoHybrid Biointerfaces Laboratory (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Imanparast A, Shaegh SAM, Attaran N, Ameri AR, Sazgarnia A. Opto-microfluidic assisted synthesis of photo-protoporphyrin (pPP) conjugated to hollow gold-albumin hybrid nanoshells to enhance the efficiency of photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103632. [PMID: 37236519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX), a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy, has limitations due to its hydrophobicity, rapid photobleaching, and low absorption peak in the red region. These limitations make the use of PpIX less effective for photodynamic therapy treatments. In this study, we harnessed the power of microfluidic technology to manipulate the properties of PpIX and quickly synthesize albumin-based hybrid nanoshells with high reproducibility. METHODS AND MATERIAL To begin with, we designed a microfluidic chip with SolidWorksⓇ software; then the chip was fabricated in Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) material using micromilling and thermal bonding. We synthesized PpIX-loaded CTAB micelles and subsequently transformed the PpIX structure into photo-protoporphyrin (PPP,) by opto-microfluidic chip (Integrating a microfluidic chip with a light source). Simultaneously with CTAB-PPP synthesis complex, we trapped it in binding sites of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Afterward, we used the same method (without irradiating) to generate a hybrid nanostructure consisting of hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) and BSACTAB-PPP. Then, after physical characterization of nanostructures, the photodynamic effects of the agents (HGNs, CTAB-PpIX, BSA-CTABPpIX, HGN-BSA-CTAB-PpIX, CTAB-PPP, BSA-CTAB-PPP, and HGNs-BSA-CTAB-PPP) were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells and the cytotoxic properties of the therapeutic agents after treatment for 24, 48, and 72 hours were investigated using MTT assay. Finally, we analyzed the findings using GraphPad Prism 9.0 software. RESULTS Results revealed that the opto-microfluidic assisted synthesis of HGN-BSA-CTAB-PPP is highly efficient and reproducible, with a size of 120 nm, a zeta potential of -16 mV, and a PDI index of 0.357. Furthermore, the cell survival analysis demonstrated that the HGNBSA-CTAB-PPP hybrid nanostructure can significantly reduce the survival of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cancer cells at low radiation doses (< 10 J/cm2) when exposed to an incoherent light source due to its strong absorption peak at a wavelength of 670 nm. CONCLUSION This research indicates that developing albumin-based multidrug hybrid nanostructures using microfluidic technology could be a promising approach to design more efficient photodynamic therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Imanparast
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Orthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Neda Attaran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Ameri
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Quagliarini E, Pozzi D, Cardarelli F, Caracciolo G. The influence of protein corona on Graphene Oxide: implications for biomedical theranostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:267. [PMID: 37568181 PMCID: PMC10416361 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique atomic arrangement which allows for manifold applications. However, their inherent high hydrophobicity poses challenges in biological systems, thereby limiting their usage in biomedical areas. To address this limitation, one approach involves introducing oxygen functional groups on graphene surfaces, resulting in the formation of graphene oxide (GO). This modification enables improved dispersion, enhanced stability, reduced toxicity, and tunable surface properties. In this review, we aim to explore the interactions between GO and the biological fluids in the context of theranostics, shedding light on the formation of the "protein corona" (PC) i.e., the protein-enriched layer that formed around nanosystems when exposed to blood. The presence of the PC alters the surface properties and biological identity of GO, thus influencing its behavior and performance in various applications. By investigating this phenomenon, we gain insights into the bio-nano interactions that occur and their biological implications for different intents such as nucleic acid and drug delivery, active cell targeting, and modulation of cell signalling pathways. Additionally, we discuss diagnostic applications utilizing biocoronated GO and personalized PC analysis, with a particular focus on the detection of cancer biomarkers. By exploring these cutting-edge advancements, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the rapidly evolving field of GO-based nanomedicine for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Cui L, Digiacomo L, Xiao S, Wang J, Amici A, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Marchini C. Insights into the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on HER2 signaling pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2023:105632. [PMID: 37329963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to both ecosystems and human health, as fragments of microscale size are daily inhaled and ingested. Such tiny specks are defined as microplastics (MPs), and although their presence as environmental contaminants is ubiquitous in the world, their possible effects at biological and physiological levels are still not clear. To explore the potential impacts of MP exposure, we produced and characterized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro-fragments, then administered them to living cells. PET is widely employed in the production of plastic bottles, and thus represents a potential source of environmental MPs. However, its potential effects on public health are hardly investigated, as the current bio-medical research on MPs mainly utilizes different models, such as polystyrene particles. This study employed cell viability assays and Western blot analysis to demonstrate cell-dependent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of PET MPs, as well as a significant impact on HER-2-driven signaling pathways. Our findings provide insight into the biological effects of MP exposure, particularly for a widely used but poorly investigated material such as PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Siyao Xiao
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Tatarskiy VV, Zakharova OV, Baranchikov PA, Muratov DS, Kuznetsov DV, Gusev AA. Graphene Oxide Nanosurface Reduces Apoptotic Death of HCT116 Colon Carcinoma Cells Induced by Zirconium Trisulfide Nanoribbons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032783. [PMID: 36769100 PMCID: PMC9917542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their chemical, mechanical, and optical properties, 2D ultrathin nanomaterials have significant potential in biomedicine. However, the cytotoxicity of such materials, including their mutual increase or decrease, is still not well understood. We studied the effects that graphene oxide (GO) nanolayers (with dimensions 0.1-3 μm and average individual flake thickness less than 1 nm) and ZrS3 nanoribbons (length more than 10 μm, width 0.4-3 μm, and thickness 50-120 nm) have on the viability, cell cycle, and cell death of HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. We found that ZrS3 exhibited strong cytotoxicity by causing apoptotic cell death, which was in contrast to GO. When adding GO to ZrS3, ZrS3 was significantly less toxic, which may be because GO inhibits the effects of cytotoxic hydrogen sulfide produced by ZrS3. Thus, using zirconium trisulfide nanoribbons as an example, we have demonstrated the ability of graphene oxide to reduce the cytotoxicity of another nanomaterial, which may be of practical importance in biomedicine, including the development of biocompatible nanocoatings for scaffolds, theranostic nanostructures, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zakharova
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter A. Baranchikov
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Muratov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific School “Chemistry and Technology of Polymer Materials”, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Lane 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V. Kuznetsov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gusev
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-910-756-4546
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