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Maddheshiya AK, Kumar M, Tufail A, Yadav PS, Deswal Y, Yadav N, Yadav TP, Dubey A. Synergistic Activity of Noble Trimetallic Nanofluids: Unveiling Unprecedented Antimicrobial Potential and Computational Insights. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5906-5924. [PMID: 38722351 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanofluids hold significant promise in diverse applications, particularly in biomedicine, where noble trimetallic nanofluids outperformed their monometallic counterparts. The composition, morphology, and size of these nanofluids play pivotal roles in their functionality. Controlled synthesis methods have garnered attention, focusing on precise morphology, content, biocompatibility, and versatile chemistry. Understanding how reaction parameters such as time, reducing agents, stabilizers, precursor concentration, temperature, and pH affect size and shape during synthesis is crucial. Trimetallic nanofluids, with their ideal composition, size, surface structure, and synergistic properties, are gaining traction in antimicrobial applications. These nanofluids were tested against seven microorganisms, demonstrating a heightened antimicrobial efficacy. Computational analyses, including molecular docking, dynamics, density functional theory (DFT), molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicology studies (ADMET) provided insights into binding interactions, energy, reactivity, and safety profiles, affirming the antimicrobial potential of trimetallic nanofluids. These findings emphasize the importance of controlled synthesis and computational validation in harnessing the unique properties of trimetallic nanofluids for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Maddheshiya
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Iswar Saran Degree College (A Constituent PG College of University of Allahabad), Teliarganj, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Aisha Tufail
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Phool Singh Yadav
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Yogesh Deswal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Navneet Yadav
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Thakur Prasad Yadav
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sebastian S, Rohila Y, Meenakshi, Ansari A, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Srivastava N, Kumar L, Gupta MK. Anti-quorum sensing activity of α-amidoamides against Agrobacterium tumefaciensNT1: Insights from molecular docking and dynamic investigations to synergistic approach of metronidazole release from gel formulations. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106787. [PMID: 38992510 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A unique approach is imperative for the development of drugs aimed at inhibiting various stages of infection, rather than solely focusing on bacterial viability. Among the array of unconventional targets explored for formulating novel antimicrobial medications, blocking the quorum-sensing (QS) system emerges as a highly effective and promising strategy against a variety of pathogenic microbes. In this investigation, we have successfully assessed nine α-aminoamides for their anti-QS activity using Agrobacterium tumefaciensNT1 as a biosensor strain. Among these compounds, three (2, 3and, 4) have been identified as potential anti-QS candidates. Molecular docking studies have further reinforced these findings, indicating that these compounds exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Additionally, we have assessed the ligand's stability within the protein's binding pocket using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MMGBSA analysis. Further, combination of antiquorum sensing properties with antibiotics viaself-assembly represents a promising approach to enhance antibacterial efficacy, overcome resistance, and mitigate the virulence of bacterial pathogens. The release study also reflects a slow and gradual release of the metronidazole at both pH 6.5 and pH 7.4, avoiding the peaks and troughs associated with more immediate release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Yajat Rohila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Sounok Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Namita Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
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Arora S, Bajaj T, Kumar J, Goyal M, Singh A, Singh C. Recent Advances in Delivery of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics to the Brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:54-66. [PMID: 37977811 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The classes of neuropharmaceuticals known as proteins and peptides serve as diagnostic tools and are involved in specific communication in the peripheral and central nervous systems. However, due to tight junctions resembling epithelial cells found in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo, they are typically excluded from transport from the blood to the brain. The drugs having molecular weight of less than 400 Dalton are able to cross the BBB via lipid-mediated free diffusion. However, large molecule therapeutics are devoid of these characteristics. As an alternative, these substances may be carried via chimeric peptide drug delivery systems, and assist in transcytosis through BBB with the aid of linker strategies. With their recent developments, several forms of nanoparticles, including poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers, nanogels, liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles, chitosan, and solid lipid nanoparticles, have also been considered for their therapeutic applications. Moreover, the necessity for physiologic optimization of current drug delivery methods and their carriers to deliver therapeutic doses of medication into the brain for the treatment of various neurologic illnesses has also been emphasized. Therapeutic use of proteins and peptides has no neuroprotective impact in the absence of all these methods. Each tactic, however, has unique drawbacks and considerations. In this review, we discuss different drug delivery methods for therapeutic distribution of pharmaceuticals, primarily neuroproteins and neuropeptides, through endothelial capillaries via blood-brain barrier. Finally, we have also discussed the challenges and future perspective of protein and peptide therapeutics delivery to the brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Very few reports on the delivery of therapeutic protein and peptide nanoformulations are available in the literature. Herein, we attempted to discuss these nanoformulations of protein and peptide therapeutics used to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Arora
- Maa Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Abohar-Sito Road, VPO Kala Tibba, Punjab, India (S.A.); Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India Affiliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India (T.B., C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Uttarakhand, India (J.K., M.G., C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India (A.S.)
| | - Tania Bajaj
- Maa Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Abohar-Sito Road, VPO Kala Tibba, Punjab, India (S.A.); Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India Affiliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India (T.B., C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Uttarakhand, India (J.K., M.G., C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India (A.S.)
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Maa Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Abohar-Sito Road, VPO Kala Tibba, Punjab, India (S.A.); Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India Affiliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India (T.B., C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Uttarakhand, India (J.K., M.G., C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India (A.S.)
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Maa Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Abohar-Sito Road, VPO Kala Tibba, Punjab, India (S.A.); Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India Affiliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India (T.B., C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Uttarakhand, India (J.K., M.G., C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India (A.S.)
| | - Arti Singh
- Maa Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Abohar-Sito Road, VPO Kala Tibba, Punjab, India (S.A.); Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India Affiliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India (T.B., C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Uttarakhand, India (J.K., M.G., C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India (A.S.)
| | - Charan Singh
- Maa Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Abohar-Sito Road, VPO Kala Tibba, Punjab, India (S.A.); Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India Affiliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India (T.B., C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Uttarakhand, India (J.K., M.G., C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India (A.S.)
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Srinivasan ES, Liu Y, Odion RA, Chongsathidkiet P, Wachsmuth LP, Haskell-Mendoza AP, Edwards RM, Canning AJ, Willoughby G, Hinton J, Norton SJ, Lascola CD, Maccarini PF, Mariani CL, Vo-Dinh T, Fecci PE. Gold Nanostars Obviate Limitations to Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) for the Treatment of Intracranial Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3214-3224. [PMID: 37327318 PMCID: PMC10425731 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an effective minimally invasive treatment option for intracranial tumors. Our group produced plasmonics-active gold nanostars (GNS) designed to preferentially accumulate within intracranial tumors and amplify the ablative capacity of LITT. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The impact of GNS on LITT coverage capacity was tested in ex vivo models using clinical LITT equipment and agarose gel-based phantoms of control and GNS-infused central "tumors." In vivo accumulation of GNS and amplification of ablation were tested in murine intracranial and extracranial tumor models followed by intravenous GNS injection, PET/CT, two-photon photoluminescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), histopathology, and laser ablation. RESULTS Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated the potential of GNS to accelerate and specify thermal distributions. In ex vivo cuboid tumor phantoms, the GNS-infused phantom heated 5.5× faster than the control. In a split-cylinder tumor phantom, the GNS-infused border heated 2× faster and the surrounding area was exposed to 30% lower temperatures, with margin conformation observed in a model of irregular GNS distribution. In vivo, GNS preferentially accumulated within intracranial tumors on PET/CT, two-photon photoluminescence, and ICP-MS at 24 and 72 hours and significantly expedited and increased the maximal temperature achieved in laser ablation compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for use of GNS to improve the efficiency and potentially safety of LITT. The in vivo data support selective accumulation within intracranial tumors and amplification of laser ablation, and the GNS-infused phantom experiments demonstrate increased rates of heating, heat contouring to tumor borders, and decreased heating of surrounding regions representing normal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S. Srinivasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Fitzpatrick Institute of Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ren A. Odion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Fitzpatrick Institute of Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pakawat Chongsathidkiet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lucas P. Wachsmuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Ryan M. Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Aidan J. Canning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Fitzpatrick Institute of Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gavin Willoughby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Hinton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen J. Norton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Fitzpatrick Institute of Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher D. Lascola
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paolo F. Maccarini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Fitzpatrick Institute of Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher L. Mariani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Fitzpatrick Institute of Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter E. Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Kharga K, Dhar I, Kashyap S, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Kumar L. Zingerone inhibits biofilm formation and enhances antibiotic efficacy against Salmonella biofilm. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:268. [PMID: 37528258 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a significant cause of typhoid fever and a major public health problem. The ability of S. Typhi to form biofilms on living and non-living surfaces results in antibiotic resistance and poses a major challenge in health care. In this study, we assessed the ability of zingerone alone and in combination with antibiotics against the motility phenotypes and biofilm-forming ability of S. Typhi. Results showed that zingerone effectively reduced the swimming, swarming, and twitching phenotypes and exhibited biofilm inhibition potential. Moreover, zingerone enhanced the antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin and kanamycin. Microscopic analysis revealed a thinner biofilm in the presence of zingerone, which may have enhanced the antibiofilm efficacy of the antibiotics. The microscopic analysis showed that the presence of zingerone resulted in a reduction in the thickness of the biofilm, potentially increasing the antibiofilm efficacy of the antibiotics. In silico molecular docking and simulation studies further indicated that zingerone may bind to the fimbriae subunits (FimA, FimC, FimH, and FimY) of S. Typhi and form stable interactions. These findings provide important insights into the potential of zingerone to target biofilm-associated Salmonella infections. Further research is considered a promising option for designing innovative approaches to prevent infections associated with biofilms. Schematic representation of the role of zingerone in biofilm, motility inhibition and molecular interactions with biofilm associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Irra Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Shashank Kashyap
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sounok Sengupta
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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Mehmood SA, Sahu KK, Sengupta S, Partap S, Karpoormath R, Kumar B, Kumar D. Recent advancement of HDAC inhibitors against breast cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:201. [PMID: 37294406 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the great potential impact of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in suppressing TNBC, even though clinical trials including a single HDACis demonstrated unsatisfactory outcomes against TNBC. New compounds created to achieve isoform selectivity and/or a polypharmacological HDAC strategy have also produced interesting results. The current study discusses the HDACis pharmacophoric models and the structural alterations that produced drugs with strong inhibitory effects on TNBC progression. With more than 2 million new cases reported in 2018, breast cancer-the most common cancer among women worldwide-poses a significant financial burden on an already deteriorating public health system. Due to a lack of therapies being developed for triple-negative breast cancers and the development of resistance to the current treatment options, it is imperative to plan novel therapeutics in order to bring new medications to the pipeline. Additionally, HDACs deacetylate a large number of nonhistone cellular substrates that control a variety of biological processes, such as the beginning and development of cancer. The significance of HDACs in cancer and the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitor. Furthermore, we also reported molecular docking study with four HDAC inhibitors and performed molecular dynamic stimulation of the best dock score compound. Among the four ligands belinostat compound showed best binding affinity with histone deacetylase protein which was -8.7 kJ/mol. It also formed five conventional hydrogen bond with Gly 841, His 669, His 670, pro 809, and His 709 amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Abdulla Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Humdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sounok Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sangh Partap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, TATA College, Kolhan University, Chaibasa, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Kumar A, Sharipov M, Turaev A, Azizov S, Azizov I, Makhado E, Rahdar A, Kumar D, Pandey S. Polymer-Based Hybrid Nanoarchitectures for Cancer Therapy Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153027. [PMID: 35893988 PMCID: PMC9370428 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is affecting societies and is becoming an important cause of death. Chemotherapy can be highly effective, but it is associated with certain problems, such as undesired targeting and multidrug resistance. The other advanced therapies, such as gene therapy and peptide therapy, do not prove to be effective without a proper delivery medium. Polymer-based hybrid nanoarchitectures have enormous potential in drug delivery. The polymers used in these nanohybrids (NHs) provide them with their distinct properties and also enable the controlled release of the drugs. This review features the recent use of polymers in the preparation of different nanohybrids for cancer therapy published since 2015 in some reputed journals. The polymeric nanohybrids provide an advantage in drug delivery with the controlled and targeted delivery of a payload and the irradiation of cancer by chemotherapeutical and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Mirkomil Sharipov
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea;
| | - Abbaskhan Turaev
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan;
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Tashkent 100015, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.K.); or (S.P.)
| | - Ismatdjan Azizov
- State Center for Expertise and Standardization of Medicines, Medical Devices, and Medical Equipment, State Unitary Enterprise, Tashkent 100002, Uzbekistan;
| | - Edwin Makhado
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran;
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.K.); or (S.P.)
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.K.); or (S.P.)
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