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Khan S, Zhang J, Khan A. Molybdenum-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Amination of Allylic Carbonates: Total Synthesis of ( S)-Clopidogrel. Org Lett 2024; 26:2758-2762. [PMID: 37515783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The first molybdenum-catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective allylic amination of both aryl- and alkyl-substituted branched allylic carbonates has been developed. A wide variety of amines, including drugs and complex bioactive molecules, underwent successful amination with excellent reaction outcomes (up to 96% yield, >99% ee, and >20:1 b/l). The reaction could be scaled up and has been applied to the total synthesis of chiral drug molecule (S)-clopidogrel (Plavix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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Wang N, Huang Y, Zi Y, Wang M, Huang W. P(NMe 2) 3-Mediated Regioselective N-Alkylation of 2-Pyridones via Direct Deoxygenation of α-Keto Esters. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3657-3665. [PMID: 38366991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A practical and regioselective direct N-alkylation of 2-pyridones is enabled by use of α-keto esters in the P(NMe2)3-mediated deoxygenation process. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions to produce N-alkylated 2-pyridones with high selectivity and generality, and the protocol is shown to be applicable for the scale-up synthesis, which makes it promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - You Zi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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3
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Comparini LM, Pineschi M. Recent Progresses in the Catalytic Stereoselective Dearomatization of Pyridines. Molecules 2023; 28:6186. [PMID: 37687015 PMCID: PMC10488975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2- and 1,4-dihydropyridines and N-substituted 2-pyridones are very important structural motifs due to their synthetic versatility and vast presence in a variety of alkaloids and bioactive molecules. In this article, we gather and summarize the catalytic and stereoselective synthesis of partially hydrogenated pyridines and pyridones via the dearomative reactions of pyridine derivatives up to mid-2023. The material is fundamentally organized according to the type of reactivity (electrophilic/nucleophilic) of the pyridine nucleus. The material is further sub-divided taking into account the nucleophilic species when dealing with electrophilic pyridines and considering the reactivity manifold of pyridine derivatives behaving as nucleophiles at the nitrogen site. The latter more recent approach allows for an unconventional entry to chiral N-substituted 2- and 4-pyridones in non-racemic form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Pineschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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5
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Khan S, Salman M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Khan A. Green Chemistry Approach toward the Regioselective Synthesis of α,α-Disubstituted Allylic Amines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11992-11999. [PMID: 37535841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions are known to provide direct and practical ways to construct new carbon-carbon bonds and privileged compounds. However, due to the lack of reports on carbon-heteroatom bond formation as a common deficiency, these reactions still face a great challenge. Described herein is a robust and convenient molybdenum-catalyzed regioselective allylic amination of tertiary allylic carbonates with an amine as the heteroatom nucleophile. Both aromatic and aliphatic amines react with various tertiary allylic alcohol derivatives to deliver the desired α,α-disubstituted allylic amines in high yield with complete regioselectivity. In addition, ethanol as the green solvent, a recyclable catalyst system through simple centrifugation techniques, and simple handling procedures make the current approach green, economic, and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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6
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Khan S, Shah BH, Zhao C, Zhang YJ. Pd-Catalyzed regio- and stereoselective allylic substitution of vinylethylene carbonates with 1,2,4-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6532-6536. [PMID: 35880932 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01156e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N 1-Substituted 1,2,4-triazoles are ubiquitous skeletons in medicinal agents, agrochemicals, and organic materials. Herein, an efficient and practical method for the synthesis of N1-allylated 1,2,4-triazoles via Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution of vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) with 1,2,4-triazoles has been developed. By using a catalyst generated in situ from Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3 and DPPE under mild conditions, the process allows rapid access to N1-allylated 1,2,4-triazoles bearing diverse functionalities in high yields with excellent N1-selectivities, linear-selectivities, and Z-stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardaraz Khan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Babar Hussain Shah
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Can Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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