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Li K, Yin Y, Diao P. Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation on WO 3 via Electrochromic Modulation: Universal Effects and Mechanistic Insights. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402474. [PMID: 38822710 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Although WO3 exhibits both electrochromic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties, there is no research conducted to investigate the correlation between them. The study herein reports the electrochromic enhancement of PEC activity on WO3. The electrochromic WO3 (e-WO3) exhibits a significantly enhanced activity for PEC water oxidation compared to raw WO3 (r-WO3), with a limiting photocurrent density three times that of r-WO3. The electrochromic enhancement of PEC activity is universal and independent of the type of cations inserted during electrochromism. Decoloring reduces the PEC activity but a simple re-coloring restores the activity to its maximum value. Electrochromism induces large amounts of oxygen vacancies and surface states, the former improving the electron density of WO3 and the latter facilitating the hole transfer across e-WO3/electrolyte interface. It is proved that the electrochromic enhancement effect is due to the significantly improved electron-hole separation efficiency and the charge transfer efficiency across the WO3/electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yefeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Diao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Ling H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zeng X. One-step achieving high performance all-solid-state and all-in-one flexible electrochromic supercapacitor by polymer dispersed electrochromic device strategy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:969-976. [PMID: 38569313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECD) are widely used to regulate the transmittance of sunlight by applying a small voltage, but the drawbacks like complex layer-by-layer preparation procedures and inconvenient assembling process still exist. To address these problems, gel or solution-type all-in-one ECDs were recently developed for the simple structure, however, the leakage risk and absence of flexible large-area production have limited real applications. Herein, a novel all-solid-state and all-in-one flexible ECD was reported by originally developed polymer dispersed electrochromic device (PDECD) strategy. This all-solid-state flexible ECD could be efficiently prepared only by one step of phase separation without any extra treatment, and demonstrated outstanding stability (92.1 % of original ΔT remained after 10,000 cycles), high coloration efficiency (197 cm2/C), low power consumption (86.4 μW/cm2) and satisfied response time (≤12 s). Meanwhile, the stored power in ECD during coloring process could drive a LED with excellent cyclic stability (93 % of original capacity remained after 3000 cycles), implying that ECD could also serve as an idea electrochromic supercapacitor. What'more, a reported largest viologen-based all-solid-state flexible ECD (17.8 × 13.2 cm2) with robust bending resistance (up to 1000 bending cycles) was successfully fabricated with industrial roller coating technique, which indicated the huge potential in real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ling
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Huake-Tek Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Junsen Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Huake-Tek Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiping Zeng
- Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Huake-Tek Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China.
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Wang L, Zhai Z, Li L. Rapid Fabrication of Tungsten Oxide-Based Electrochromic Devices through Femtosecond Laser Processing. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:785. [PMID: 38930755 PMCID: PMC11205389 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The sol-gel method is a widely adopted technique for the preparation of tungsten trioxide (WO3) materials, favored for its cost-effectiveness and straightforward production procedures. However, this method encounters challenges such as prolonged annealing periods and limited flexibility in fabricating patterned WO3 films. This study introduces a novel approach that integrates femtosecond laser processing with the sol-gel method to enhance the fabrication of WO3 films. By adjusting polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentrations during sol-gel synthesis, precise control over film thickness and optimized film properties were achieved. The innovative technique significantly reduced the annealing time required to achieve an 80% transmittance rate from 90 min to 40 min, marking a 56% decrease. Laser processing increased the surface roughness of the films from Sa = 0.032 to Sa = 0.119, facilitating enhanced volatilization of organics during heat treatment. Additionally, this method improved the transmittance modulation of the films by 22% at 550 nm compared to unprocessed counterparts. This approach not only simplifies the manufacturing process but also enhances the optical efficiency of electrochromic devices, potentially leading to broader applications and more effective energy conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Zhai
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Longnan Li
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
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Park KH, Kim NC, Song SH. Fabrication of WO 3 Quantum Dots with Different Emitting Colors and Their Utilization in Luminescent Woods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:936. [PMID: 38869561 PMCID: PMC11173498 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
With a rising interest in smart windows and optical displays, the utilization of metal oxides (MOs) has garnered significant attention owing to their high active sites, flexibility, and tunable electronic and optical properties. Despite these advantages, achieving precise tuning of optical properties in MOs-based quantum dots and their mass production remains a challenge. In this study, we present an easily scalable approach to generate WO3 quantum dots with diverse sizes through sequential insertion/exfoliation processes in solvents with suitable surface tension. Additionally, we utilized the prepared WO3 quantum dots in the fabrication of luminescent transparent wood via an impregnation process. These quantum dots manifested three distinct emitting colors: red, green, and blue. Through characterizations of the structural and optical properties of the WO3 quantum dots, we verified that quantum dots with sizes around 30 nm, 50 nm, and 70 nm showcase a monoclinic crystal structure with oxygen-related defect sites. Notably, as the size of the WO3 quantum dots decreased, the maximum emitting peak underwent a blue shift, with peaks observed at 407 nm (blue), 493 nm (green), and 676 nm (red) under excitation by a He-Cd laser (310 nm), respectively. Transparent woods infused with various WO3 quantum dots exhibited luminescence in blue/white emitting colors. These results suggest substantial potential in diverse applications, such as building materials and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nam Chul Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powders, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Song
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powders, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea;
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Zheng JY, Sun Q, Yang H, Yu S, Li M, Yu X, Wang C, Liu T, Li S. Amorphous bismuth and GO co-doped WO 3 electrochromic film with fast-switching time and long-term stability. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2460-2464. [PMID: 38240594 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03805j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The sol-gel process for fabricating electrochromic thin films is straightforward, offering advantages such as low cost and ease of compositional control. Herein we prepared GO-Bi-WO3 films with improved electrochromic performance using a simple sol-gel spin-coating method. The sample shows a fast-switching time (1.8 s for coloring and 1.8 s for bleaching), large optical modulation (85% at 630 nm), excellent stability (86.4% retention after 10 200 cycles), and high coloration efficiency (65.9 cm2 C-1). This work indicates the electrochromic performance of WO3-based films can be enhanced by incorporating GO, which provides an effective strategy for the rapid, safe, and efficient fabrication of electrochromic thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin You Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qimeng Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huijing Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chengduo Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Songjie Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Green Process Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Li CA, Ko B, Park KH, Ahn JG, Park T, Lee DJ, Song SH. High-Performance Electrochromic Devices Based on Size-Controlled 2D WO 3 Nanosheets Prepared Using the Intercalation Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:41. [PMID: 38203897 PMCID: PMC10780075 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
It is difficult to obtain ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanosheets through direct exfoliation from bulk WO3 in solution due to the strong bonding between interlayers. Herein, WO3 nanosheets with controllable sizes were synthesized via K+ intercalation and the exfoliation of WO3 powder using sonication and temperature. Because of the intercalation and expansion in the interlayer distance, the intercalated WO3 could be successfully exfoliated to produce a large quantity of individual 2D WO3 nanosheets in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone under sonication. The exfoliated ultrathin WO3 nanosheets exhibited better electrochromic performance in an electrochromic device than WO3 powder and exfoliated WO3 without intercalation. In particular, the prepared small WO3 nanosheets exhibited excellent electrochromic properties with a large optical modulation of 41.78% at 700 nm and fast switching behavior times of 9.2 s for bleaching and 10.5 s for coloring. Furthermore, after 1000 cycles, the small WO3 nanosheets still maintained 86% of their initial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ai Li
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts, Kongju National University, Cheonan 32588, Republic of Korea; (C.-A.L.); (B.K.); (K.-H.P.); (J.-G.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Boemjin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts, Kongju National University, Cheonan 32588, Republic of Korea; (C.-A.L.); (B.K.); (K.-H.P.); (J.-G.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts, Kongju National University, Cheonan 32588, Republic of Korea; (C.-A.L.); (B.K.); (K.-H.P.); (J.-G.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Jae-Gyu Ahn
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts, Kongju National University, Cheonan 32588, Republic of Korea; (C.-A.L.); (B.K.); (K.-H.P.); (J.-G.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Taeyoung Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts, Kongju National University, Cheonan 32588, Republic of Korea; (C.-A.L.); (B.K.); (K.-H.P.); (J.-G.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Dong-Ju Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Song
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts, Kongju National University, Cheonan 32588, Republic of Korea; (C.-A.L.); (B.K.); (K.-H.P.); (J.-G.A.); (T.P.)
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Jiang C, Ge R, Bian C, Chen L, Wang X, Zheng Y, Xu G, Cai G, Xiao X. Multicolored inorganic electrochromic materials: status, challenge, and prospects. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15450-15471. [PMID: 37721398 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of advocacy for green and low-carbon development, electrochromism has attracted academic and industrial attention as an intelligent and energy-saving applied technology due to its optical switching behavior and its special principles of operation. Inorganic electrochromic materials, represented by transition metal oxides, are considered candidates for the next generation of large-scale electrochromic applied technologies due to their excellent stability. However, the limited color diversity and low color purity of these materials greatly restrict their development. Starting from the multicolor properties of inorganic electrochromic materials, this review systematically elaborates on recent progress in the aspects of the intrinsic multicolor of electrochromic materials, and structural multicolor based on the interaction between light and microstructure. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of inorganic electrochromic technology in the field of multicolor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lirong Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiudi Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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An FH, Yuan YZ, Liu JQ, He MD, Zhang B. Enhanced electrochromic properties of WO 3/ITO nanocomposite smart windows. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13177-13182. [PMID: 37124008 PMCID: PMC10141578 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tungsten oxide is regarded as the most promising electrochromic material owing to its continuously tunable optical properties, low cost, and high coloration efficiency. Further improving its optical modulation, switching speed, and coloration efficiency is important to electrochromic smart windows and related devices. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced electrochromic film composed of a WO3 nanosheet and ITO nanoparticles developed by an all-solution technology. The WO3 nanosheet is fabricated by an acid-assisted hydrothermal process with high product efficiency. The introduction of an ITO into the WO3 nanosheets significantly improved the electrochemical activity and the conductivity of the composite film. Compared with a reported electrochromic film without ITO doping, our synthesized composite WO3 film exhibited optical modulation up to 88% and a high coloration efficiency of 154.16 cm2 C-1. Particularly, our electrochromic film was based on the dispersant solution and spin-coating technology, which may also be realized with nano-spray coating for large scale applications. The results offer an effective way to develop large-area electrochromic film and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hui An
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Material Surface Remanufacturing, Jiujiang University Jiujiang Jiangxi 332005 China
| | - Yu Zheng Yuan
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China
| | - Jian Qiang Liu
- College of Science, Jiujiang University Jiujiang Jiangxi 332005 China
| | - Meng Dong He
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Energy Materials Computing Center, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 China
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