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Peng H, Kopic I, Potfode SR, Teshima TF, Boustani GA, Hiendlmeier L, Wang C, Hussain MZ, Özkale B, Fischer RA, Wolfrum B. Laser-patterned epoxy-based 3D microelectrode arrays for extracellular recording. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14295-14301. [PMID: 39011647 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01727g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays are commonly used to study the electrophysiological behavior of cells. Recently, there has been a growing interest in fabricating three-dimensional microelectrode arrays. Here, we present a novel process for the fast fabrication of epoxy-based 3D microelectrode array platforms with the assistance of laser-patterning technology. To this end, we photopatterned 3D pillars as scaffolds using epoxy-based dry films. Electrodes and conductor traces were fabricated by laser patterning of sputtered platinum films on top of the 3D structures, followed by deposition of parylene-C for insulation. Microelectrodes at the tip of the 3D structures were exposed using a vertical laser ablation process. The final electrodes demonstrated a low impedance of ∼10 kΩ at 1 kHz in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements under physiological conditions. We investigated the maximum compression force of the 3D structures, which could withstand approximately 0.6 N per pillar. The 3D microelectrode arrays were used to record extracellular signals from HL-1 cells in culture as a proof of principle. Our results show regular firing of action potentials recorded at the tip of the 3D structures, demonstrating the possibility of recording cell signals in non-planar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Peng
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Inola Kopic
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shivani Ratnakar Potfode
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tetsuhiko F Teshima
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Medical & Health Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Incorporated, 940 Stewart Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - George Al Boustani
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Hiendlmeier
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Chen Wang
- Microrobotic Bioengineering Lab (MRBL), Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information, and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Mian Zahid Hussain
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Berna Özkale
- Microrobotic Bioengineering Lab (MRBL), Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information, and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Medical & Health Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Incorporated, 940 Stewart Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
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Zhang L, Wahab OJ, Jallow AA, O’Dell ZJ, Pungsrisai T, Sridhar S, Vernon KL, Willets KA, Baker LA. Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8036-8055. [PMID: 38727715 PMCID: PMC11112546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - O. J. Wahab
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - A. A. Jallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Z. J. O’Dell
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - T. Pungsrisai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - S. Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - K. L. Vernon
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - K. A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - L. A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:341920. [PMID: 38057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a major challenge for tumor theranostics, requiring high-resolution intercellular bioanalysis strategies. Over the past decades, the advantages of electrochemical analysis, such as high sensitivity, good spatio-temporal resolution, and ease of use, have made it the preferred method to uncover cellular differences. To inspire more creative research, herein, we highlight seminal works in electrochemical techniques for biomolecule analysis and bioimaging. Specifically, micro/nano-electrode-based electrochemical techniques enable real-time quantitative analysis of electroactive substances relevant to life processes in the micro-nanostructure of cells and tissues. Nanopore-based technique plays a vital role in biosensing by utilizing nanoscale pores to achieve high-precision detection and analysis of biomolecules with exceptional sensitivity and single-molecule resolution. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology is utilized for real-time monitoring of the behavior and features of individual cancer cells, enabling observation of their dynamic processes due to its capability of providing high-resolution and highly sensitive bioimaging of cells. Particularly, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) which are widely used in real-time observation of cell surface biological processes and three-dimensional imaging of micro-nano structures, such as metabolic activity, ion channel activity, and cell morphology are introduced in this review. Furthermore, the expansion of the scope of cellular electrochemistry research by innovative functionalized electrodes and electrochemical imaging models and strategies to address future challenges and potential applications is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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Zips S, Huang B, Hotte S, Hiendlmeier L, Wang C, Rajamani K, Buriez O, Al Boustani G, Chen Y, Wolfrum B, Yamada A. Aerosol Jet-Printed High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Needle Electrode Arrays Applied for Human Cerebral Organoids and 3D Neurospheroid Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37469180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The human brain is a complex and poorly accessible organ. Thus, new tools are required for studying the neural function in a controllable environment that preserves multicellular interaction and neuronal wiring. In particular, high-throughput methods that alleviate the need for animal experiments are essential for future studies. Recent developments of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies have enabled in vitro modeling of the human brain by creating three-dimensional brain tissue mimic structures. To leverage these new technologies, a systematic and versatile approach for evaluating neuronal activity at larger tissue depths within the regime of tens to hundreds of micrometers is required. Here, we present an aerosol-jet- and inkjet-printing-based method to fabricate microelectrode arrays, equipped with high-aspect ratio μ-needle electrodes that penetrate 3D neural network assemblies. The arrays have been successfully applied for electrophysiological recordings on interconnected neurospheroids formed on an engineered substrate and on cerebral organoids, both derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zips
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Boxin Huang
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Salammbô Hotte
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lukas Hiendlmeier
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chen Wang
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karthyayani Rajamani
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - George Al Boustani
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ayako Yamada
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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