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Endres EJ, Bairan Espano JR, Koziel A, Peng AR, Shults AA, Macdonald JE. Controlling Phase in Colloidal Synthesis. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2024; 4:158-175. [PMID: 38912287 PMCID: PMC11191733 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental precept of chemistry is that properties are manifestations of the elements present and their arrangement in space. Controlling the arrangement of atoms in nanocrystals is not well understood in nanocrystal synthesis, especially in the transition metal chalcogenides and pnictides, which have rich phase spaces. This Perspective will cover some of the recent advances and current challenges. The perspective includes introductions to challenges particular to chalcogenide and pnictide chemistry, the often-convoluted roles of bond dissociation energies and mechanisms by which precursors break down, using very organized methods to map the synthetic phase space, a discussion of polytype control, and challenges in characterization, especially for solving novel structures on the nanoscale and time-resolved studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Janet E. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt
University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Zhang Y, He S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhou J, Yang X, Wei Q, Chen L. Pre-phase transition of a Cu 2-xS template enables polymorph selective synthesis of MS (M = Zn, Cd, Mn) nanocrystals via cation exchange reactions. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1260-1271. [PMID: 38126257 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of copper-deficient Cu2-xS nanocrystals (NCs) with diverse crystal phases and stoichiometries as cation exchange (CE) templates is a potential route to overcome the current limitations in the polymorph selective synthesis of desired nanomaterials. Among the Cu2-xS NCs, covellite CuS is emerging as an attractive CE template to produce complicated and metastable metal sulfide NCs. The presence of a reducing agent is essential to induce a phase transition of CuS into other Cu2-xS phases prior to the CE reactions. Nevertheless, the effect of the reducing agent on the phase transition of CuS, especially into the hexagonal close packing (hcp) phase and the cubic close packing (ccp) phase, has been scarcely exploited, but it is highly important for the polymorphic production of metal sulfides with the wurtzite phase and zinc blende phase. Herein, we report a reducing agent dependent pre-phase transition of CuS nanodisks (NDs) into hcp and ccp Cu2-xS NCs. 1-Dodecanethiol molecules and oleylamine molecules selectively reduced CuS NDs into hcp djurleite Cu1.94S NDs and ccp digenite Cu1.8S NCs. Afterward, the hcp Cu1.94S NDs and ccp Cu1.8S NCs were exchanged by Zn2+/Cd2+/Mn2+, and the wurtzite phase and the zinc blende phase of ZnS, CdS, and MnS NCs were produced. Without the pre-phase transition, direct CE reactions of CuS NDs are incapable of synthesizing the above wurtzite and zinc blende metal sulfide NCs. Therefore, our findings suggest the importance of the pre-phase transition of the CE template in polymorphic syntheses, holding great promise in the fabrication of other polymorphic nanomaterials with novel physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shaobo He
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Jinchen Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Qinhong Wei
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Lihui Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316022, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Nokabadi AS, Yazdani A. Magnetic field effects on the crystal structure, morphology, energy gap, and magnetic properties of manganese selenide nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6170-6176. [PMID: 37941942 PMCID: PMC10628988 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized manganese selenide under magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 800 gauss and investigated its optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. In the absence of a magnetic field, we observed the formation of MnSe nanorods. As the field strength increased, impurities arose. In the 250 G range, two rock salt structures emerged, altering the morphology from nanorods to cubes. Beyond 250 G, MnSe2 formed, returning to a nanorod morphology. Also, with the increase of the magnetic field, the energy gap of the synthesized compounds increased. To measure the electrical properties of the samples, the synthesized powders were compressed under the same pressure for a certain period of time, and it was observed that the synthesized samples showed insulating behavior in the presence of a magnetic field. For this reason, we performed current-voltage, resistance-temperature, and current-temperature analyses on the synthesized sample, at a constant voltage of 5 eV in the absence of a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salmani Nokabadi
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Yazdani
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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