Field-effect transistor antigen/antibody-TMDs sensors for the detection of COVID-19 samples

2D Materials-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Healthcare

The need for accurate point-of-care (POC) tools, driven by increasing demands for precise medical diagnostics and monitoring, has accelerated the evolution of biosensor technology. Integrable 2D materials-based field-effect transistor (2D FET) biosensors offer label-free, rapid, and ultrasensitive detection, aligning perfectly with current biosensor trends. Given these advancements, this review focuses on the progress, challenges, and future prospects in the field of 2D FET biosensors. The distinctive physical properties of 2D materials and recent achievements in scalable synthesis are highlighted that significantly improve the manufacturing process and performance of FET biosensors. Additionally, the advancements of 2D FET biosensors are investigated in fatal disease diagnosis and screening, chronic disease management, and environmental hazards monitoring, as well as their integration in flexible electronics. Their promising capabilities shown in laboratory trials accelerate the development of prototype products, while the challenges are acknowledged, related to sensitivity, stability, and scalability that continue to impede the widespread adoption and commercialization of 2D FET biosensors. Finally, current strategies are discussed to overcome these challenges and envision future implications of 2D FET biosensors, such as their potential as smart and sustainable POC biosensors, thereby advancing human healthcare.

Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19

More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.

Insulating 6,6-Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester on Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Impact of the Hybrid Materials on the Optical and Electrical Properties

In this study we develop a strategy to insulate 6,6 -Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on the basal plane of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Concretely single layers of MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2 and ultrathin MoO2 and WO2 were grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Then, the thiol group of a PCBM modified with cysteine reacts with the chalcogen vacancies on the basal plane of TMDs, yielding PCBM-MoS2, PCBM-MoSe2, PCBM-WS2, PCBM-WSe2, PCBM-WTe2, PCBM-MoO2 and PCBM-WO2. Afterwards, all the hybrid materials were characterized using several techniques, including XPS, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, AFM, and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, PCBM causes a unique optical and electrical impact in every TMDs. For MoS2 devices, the conductivity and photoluminescence (PL) emission achieve a remarkable enhancement of 1700 % and 200 % in PCBM-MoS2 hybrids. Similarly, PCBM-MoTe2 hybrids exhibit a 2-fold enhancement in PL emission at 1.1 eV. On the other hand, PCBM-MoSe2, PCBM-WSe2 and PCBM-WS2 hybrids exhibited a new interlayer exciton at 1.29-1.44, 1.7 and 1.37-154 eV along with an enhancement of the photo-response by 2400, 3200 and 600 %, respectively. Additionally, PCBM-WTe2 and PCBM-WO2 showed a modest photo-response, in sharp contrast with pristine WTe2 or WO2 which archive pure metallic character.