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Yang B, Federmann P, Warth V, Ren M, Mu X, Wu H, Bäckvall JE. Total Synthesis of Strigolactones via Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylative Carbocyclization of Enallenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4637-4642. [PMID: 38805214 PMCID: PMC11165582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Here we report an efficient route for synthesizing strigolactones (SLs) and their derivatives. Our method relies on a palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation/carbocyclization/carbonylation/alkoxylation cascade reaction, which involves the formation of three new C-C bonds and a new C-O bond while cleaving one C(sp3)-H bond in a single step. With our versatile synthetic strategy, both naturally occurring and artificial SLs were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- School
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Patrick Federmann
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Warth
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingzhe Ren
- School
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mu
- School
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Leśniewska A, Przybylski P. Seven-membered N-heterocycles as approved drugs and promising leads in medicinal chemistry as well as the metal-free domino access to their scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116556. [PMID: 38879971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Azepanes or azepines are structural motifs of many drugs, drug candidates and evaluated lead compounds. Even though compounds having N-heterocyclic 7-membered rings are often found in nature (e.g. alkaloids), the natural compounds of this group are rather rare as approved therapeutics. Thus, recently studied and approved azepane or azepine-congeners predominantly consist of semi-synthetically or synthetically-obtained scaffolds. In this review a comparison of approved drugs and recently investigated leads was proposed taking into regard their structural aspects (stereochemistry), biological activities, pharmacokinetic properties and confirmed molecular targets. The 7-membered N-heterocycles reveal a wide range of biological activities, not only against CNS diseases, but also as e.g. antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic and against allergy agents. As most of the approved or investigated potential drugs or lead structures, belonging to 7-membered N-heterocycles, are synthetic scaffolds, this report also reveals different and efficient metal-free cascade approaches useful to synthesize both simple azepane or azepine-containing congeners and those of oligocyclic structures. Stereochemistry of azepane/azepine fused systems, in view of biological data and binding with the targets, is discussed. Apart from the approved drugs, we compare advances in SAR studies of 7-membered N-heterocycles (mainly from 2018 to 2023), whereas the related synthetic part concerning various domino strategies is focused on the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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3
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Zhuang QB, Tian JR, Lu K, Zhang XM, Zhang FM, Tu YQ, Fan R, Li ZH, Zhang YD. Catalytic Asymmetric Polycyclization of Tertiary Enamides with Silyl Enol Ethers: Total Synthesis of (-)-Cephalocyclidin A. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38019148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective polycyclization of tertiary enamides with terminal silyl enol ethers has been developed by virtue of Cu(OTf)2 catalysis with a novel spiropyrroline-derived oxazole (SPDO) ligand. This tandem reaction offers an effective approach to assemble bicyclic and tricyclic N-heterocycles bearing both aza- and oxa-quaternary stereogenic centers, which are primal subunits in a range of natural alkaloids. Strategic application of this methodology and a late-stage radical cyclization as key steps have been showcased in the concise total synthesis of (-)-cephalocyclidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Minhang 200240, China
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Singh Chauhan AN, Mali G, Dua G, Samant P, Kumar A, Erande RD. [RhCp*Cl 2] 2-Catalyzed Indole Functionalization: Synthesis of Bioinspired Indole-Fused Polycycles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27894-27919. [PMID: 37576617 PMCID: PMC10413382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic fused indoles are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals due to their immense structural diversity and biological inference, making them suitable for charting broader chemical space. Indole-based polycycles continue to be fascinating as well as challenging targets for synthetic fabrication because of their characteristic structural frameworks possessing biologically intriguing compounds of both natural and synthetic origin. As a result, an assortment of new chemical processes and catalytic routes has been established to provide unified access to these skeletons in a very efficient and selective manner. Transition-metal-catalyzed processes, in particular from rhodium(III), are widely used in synthetic endeavors to increase molecular complexity efficiently. In recent years, this has resulted in significant progress in reaching molecular scaffolds with enormous biological activity based on core indole skeletons. Additionally, Rh(III)-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization and benzannulation protocols of indole moieties were one of the most alluring synthetic techniques to generate indole-fused polycyclic molecules efficiently. This review sheds light on recent developments toward synthesizing fused indoles by cascade annulation methods using Rh(III)-[RhCp*Cl2]2-catalyzed pathways, which align with the comprehensive and sophisticated developments in the field of Rh(III)-catalyzed indole functionalization. Here, we looked at a few intriguing cascade-based synthetic designs catalyzed by Rh(III) that produced elaborate frameworks inspired by indole bioactivity. The review also strongly emphasizes mechanistic insights for reaching 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4-fused indole systems, focusing on Rh(III)-catalyzed routes. With an emphasis on synthetic efficiency and product diversity, synthetic methods of chosen polycyclic carbocycles and heterocycles with at least three fused, bridged, or spiro cages are reviewed. The newly created synthesis concepts or toolkits for accessing diazepine, indol-ones, carbazoles, and benzo-indoles, as well as illustrative privileged synthetic techniques, are included in the featured collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanshyam Mali
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Garima Dua
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Priya Samant
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Rohan D. Erande
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
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5
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Dhanaji JR, Samatha P, Raju S, Mainkar PS, Adepu R, Chandrasekhar S. Substitution controlled aryne insertion: synthesis of diarylmethane/chromones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2648-2651. [PMID: 36779483 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryne insertion reaction with 2-aroyl malonates/cyanoesters lead to the formation of diarylmethane or chromones depending on the substitution on the aryne ring. The presence of an electronegative atom at the ortho position of arynes generates chromones, whereas other arynes lead to the formation of diarylmethanes, via a cascade double aryne insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadhav Rahul Dhanaji
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Polasani Samatha
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Silver Raju
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Adepu
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Ghosh S, Pyne P, Ghosh A, Choudhury S, Hajra A. Visible-light-induced cascade reaction: a sustainable approach towards molecular complexity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1591-1628. [PMID: 36723242 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has demonstrated rapid evolution in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. On the other hand, the splendour of cascade reactions in providing complex molecular architectures renders them a cutting-edge research area. Therefore, the merging of photocatalysis with cascade synthesis brings out a synthetic paradigm with immense potential. The development of photocascade catalysis for a target molecule with a particular molecular skeleton and stereochemical framework presents certain challenges but provides a robust and environmentally benign synthetic alternative. This comprehensive review assembles all the accomplishments and highlights of visible-light-induced cascade reactions with literature coverage up to October 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Pranjal Pyne
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Anogh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Swagata Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India.
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7
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Pei C, Empel C, Koenigs RM. Photochemical Intermolecular Cyclopropanation Reactions of Allylic Alcohols for the Synthesis of [3.1.0]-Bicyclohexanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:169-173. [PMID: 36602193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane-fused lactones are highly desirable in drug and natural products synthesis. Herein, we report on a photochemical, chemoselective reaction of aryldiazoacetates with allylic alcohols that furnishes cyclopropane-fused lactone skeletons efficiently in one step. The diastereoselectivity of the protocol was precisely controlled, and chemoselective cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols via free carbene intermediate followed by transesterification constitutes a series of bicyclic lactones in high yield without the formation of ether byproducts via typical O-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Koshikawa T, Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Tanaka K. Catalyst-Controlled Inter- and Intramolecular Cascade [4 + 2] Annulations via Benzopyrylium Intermediates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Koshikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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9
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Erande RD, Shivam S, Chavan KA, Chauhan ANS. Recent Advances in [3+2]-Cycloaddition-Enabled
Cascade Reactions: Application to
Synthesize Complex Organic Frameworks. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMany natural products and biologically important complex organic scaffolds have convoluted structures around their core skeleton. Interestingly, with just changing the outskirts, the core reflects new and unique degrees of various physical and chemical properties. A very common but intriguing core is a five-membered ring horning heaps of organic molecules crafts. The power of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions to generate five-membered ring systems allocate chemists to envision synthetic procedures of wonder molecules and if it is facilitating a cascade sequence, then the end product will imbibe significant level of complexity having applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. This Account highlights the broad interest in assembling recent advances in cascade reactions involving [3+2] cycloaddition as the power tool in order to conceive breakthrough organic architectures reported in the last ten years. We foresee that our comprehensive collection of astonishing [3+2] cycloaddition enabled cascades will provide valuable insights to polycyclic molecular construction and perseverant approach towards nonconventional synthetic procedures to the organic community.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Oxindoles Skeleton3 Synthesis of Oxazoles Skeleton4 Synthesis of Oxadiazoles Skeleton5 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles6 Synthesis via Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition7 Synthesis of Miscellaneous Scaffolds8 Conclusion
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