1
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Dutta S, Erchinger JE, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Kleinmans R, Glorius F. Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1068-1089. [PMID: 38168974 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excited (triplet) states offer a myriad of attractive synthetic pathways, including cycloadditions, selective homolytic bond cleavages and strain-release chemistry, isomerizations, deracemizations, or the fusion with metal catalysis. Recent years have seen enormous advantages in enabling these reactivity modes through visible-light-mediated triplet-triplet energy transfer catalysis (TTEnT). This tutorial review provides an overview of this emerging strategy for synthesizing sought-after organic motifs in a mild, selective, and sustainable manner. Building on the photophysical foundations of energy transfer, this review also discusses catalyst design, as well as the challenges and opportunities of energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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2
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Luo XL, Ye DD, Zheng J, Chen DN, Chen LN, Li L, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Unsymmetrical Diamination of Styrenes, Indoles, and Benzofurans Facilitated by Benzotriazolyl and Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38193458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing energy transfer catalysis, this research employed the bifunctional reagents benzotriazole carboxylic acid oxime esters to simultaneously generate benzotriazole and imine radicals. The synthesis of two distinct C-N bonds in a single conversion is showcased through radical addition and radical-radical cross-coupling processes between benzotriazole carboxylic acid oxime ester and olefins. This process facilitates the intermolecular two-component unsymmetrical diamination reaction of olefins. Using this approach, more than 40 benzotriazole-containing molecules were successfully synthesized using styrene, indole, and benzofuran as acceptors, with yields ranging from moderate to excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Ye
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Judun Zheng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510091, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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3
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Dey J, Banerjee N, Daw S, Guin J. Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl-Oxime-Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312384. [PMID: 37653722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl-oxime-ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal-free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C-S and C-C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom-economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi-functionalized β-sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N-O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swikriti Daw
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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4
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Sang JW, Du P, Xia D, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang WD. EnT-Mediated Amino-Sulfonylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Sulfonamides: Access to β-Amino Sulfone Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301392. [PMID: 37218305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino sulfones are commonly found structural motifs in biologically active compounds. Herein, we report a direct photocatalyzed amino-sulfonylation reaction of alkenes for the efficicient production of important compounds by simple hydrolysis without the need for additional oxidants and reductants. In this transformation, the sulfonamides worked as bifunctional reagents, simultaneously generating sulfonyl radicals and N-centered radicals which were added to alkene in a highly atom-economical fashion with high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. This approach showed high functional group tolerance and compatibility, facilitating the late-stage modification of some bioactive alkenes and sulfonamide molecules, thereby expanding the biologically relevant chemical space. Scaling up this reaction led to an efficient green synthesis of apremilast, one of the best-selling pharmceuticals, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the applied method. Moreover, mechanistic investigations suggest that an energy transfer (EnT) process was in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Sang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Dingding Xia
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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5
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Luo XL, Li SS, Jiang YS, Liu F, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic 1,2-Iminosulfonylation and Remote 1,6-Iminosulfonylation of Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:1742-1747. [PMID: 36883883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of iminosulfonylation reagents were developed and extensively used in the 1,2-iminosulfonylation of various olefins. Olefins containing bioactive molecules, such as indomethacin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, and fenbufen, afforded the desired iminosulfonylation products in synthetically useful yields. Furthermore, the first remote 1,6-iminosulfonylation of alkenes was realized by using oxime ester bifunctionalization reagents. Overall, more than 40 structurally diverse β-imine sulfones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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6
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Li SS, Jiang YS, Luo XL, Pan CX, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Remote C(sp 3)-H Imination Enabled by Vinyl Radical-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2023; 25:1595-1599. [PMID: 36826423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A vinyl radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer strategy for remote C(sp3)-H imination under visible-light-induced photochemical metal-free conditions afforded diverse γ-imino alkenes with excellent stereoselectivity. Oxime ester-based bifunctional reagents provided not only nucleophilic alkyl radicals for radical addition reactions with electron-deficient alkynes but also long-lived steady-state imine radicals for trapping alkyl radicals following the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen migration of unstable olefin radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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7
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Tan G, Paulus F, Petti A, Wiethoff MA, Lauer A, Daniliuc C, Glorius F. Metal-free photosensitized radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2447-2454. [PMID: 36873844 PMCID: PMC9977457 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular carboamination of olefins offers a powerful platform for the rapid construction of structurally complex amines from abundant feedstocks. However, these reactions often require transition-metal catalysis, and are mainly limited to 1,2-carboamination. Herein, we report a novel radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins with alkyl carboxylic acid-derived bifunctional oxime esters via energy transfer catalysis. The reaction is highly chemo- and regioselective, and multiple C-C and C-N bonds were formed in a single orchestrated operation. This mild and metal-free method features a remarkably broad substrate scope with excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups, therefore providing easy access to structurally diverse 1,4-carboiminated products. Moreover, the obtained imines could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant free γ-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alessia Petti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Maxim-Aleksa Wiethoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anna Lauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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8
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Tan G, Paulus F, Rentería-Gómez Á, Lalisse RF, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. Highly Selective Radical Relay 1,4-Oxyimination of Two Electronically Differentiated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21664-21673. [PMID: 36383483 PMCID: PMC10242452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition reactions of olefins have emerged as an attractive tool for the rapid assembly of complex structures, and have plentiful applications in organic synthesis, however, such reactions are often limited to polymerization or 1,2-difunctionalization. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented radical relay 1,4-oxyimination of two electronically differentiated olefins with a class of bifunctional oxime carbonate reagents via an energy transfer strategy. The protocol is highly chemo- and regioselective, and three different chemical bonds (C-O, C-C, and C-N bonds) were formed in a single operation in an orchestrated manner. Notably, this reaction provides rapid access to a large variety of structurally diverse 1,4-oxyimination products, and the obtained products could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant δ-hydroxyl-α-amino acids. With a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, the mechanism for this 1,4-oxyimination reaction has been investigated. Theoretical calculations reveal that a radical chain mechanism might operate in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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9
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Jiang YS, Liu F, Huang MS, Luo XL, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Modular Cyanoalkylamination of Alkenes Involving Two Different Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2022; 24:8019-8024. [PMID: 36264241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular cyanoalkylamination of alkenes using bench-stable and easy-to-handle α-imino-oxy acid oxime esters as difunctional reagents creates new synthetic avenues. A metal-free photosensitization protocol for the installation of both amino and cyanoalkyl functionalities onto alkene feedstocks in a single step via two differently reactive nitrogen-centered radicals was developed via energy-transfer catalysis. Excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions also render this protocol suitable for the cyanoalkylamination of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Sha Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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