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Wang B, Huang X, Bi H, Liu J. Electroreductive alkylations of (hetero)arenes with carboxylic acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4970. [PMID: 38862567 PMCID: PMC11166922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are widely available and generally inexpensive from abundant biomass feedstocks, and they are suitable and generic coupling partners in synthetic chemistry. Reported herein is an electroreductive coupling of stable and versatile carboxylic acids with (hetero)arenes using protons as the hydrogen source. The application of an earth-abundant titanium catalyst has significantly improved the deoxygenative reduction process. Preliminary mechanistic studies provide insights into the deoxygenative reduction of in-situ generated ketone pathway, and the intermediacy generation of ketyl radical and alkylidene titanocene. Without the necessity of pressurized hydrogen or stoichiometric hydride as reductants, this protocol enables highly selective and straightforward synthesis of various functionalized and structurally diverse alkylbenzenes under mild conditions. The utility of this reaction is further demonstrated through practical and valuable isotope incorporation from readily available deuterium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Xianshuai Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Huihua Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China.
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, 511300, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Mostafa T, Albeir M, Wober J, Abadi A, Salama I, Ahmed NS. Design, synthesis, and in-silico study of novel triarylethylene analogs with dual anti-estrogenic and serotonergic activity. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22127. [PMID: 37877739 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor is an important target in breast cancer. Serotonin receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT2C , in particular) were investigated for a potential role in development and progression of breast cancer. Ligands that interact with estrogenic receptors influence the emotional state of females. Thus, designing selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) analogs with potential serotonergic activity is a plausible approach. The dual ligands can augment cytotoxic effect of SERMs, help in both physical and emotional menopausal symptom relief, enhance cognitive function and support bone health. Herein, we report triarylethylene analogs as potential candidates for treatment of breast cancer. Compound 2e showed (ERα relative β- galactosidase activity = 0.70), 5-HT2A (Ki = 0.97 µM), and 5-HT2C (Ki = 3.86 µM). It was more potent on both MCF-7 (GI50 = 0.27 µM) and on MDA-MB-231 (GI50 = 1.86 µM) compared to tamoxifen (TAM). Compound 4e showed 40 times higher antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and 15 times on MDA-MBA compared to TAM. Compound 4e had higher average potency than TAM on all nine tested cell line panels. Our in-silico model revealed the binding interactions of compounds 2 and 2e in the three receptors; further structural modifications are suggested to optimize binding to the ERα, 5-HT2A , and 5-HT2C .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miriam Albeir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jannette Wober
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashraf Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nermin S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Zhang L, Nagib DA. Carbonyl cross-metathesis via deoxygenative gem-di-metal catalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:107-113. [PMID: 37697035 PMCID: PMC11090164 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyls and alkenes are versatile functional groups, whose reactivities are cornerstones of organic synthesis. The selective combination of two carbonyls to form an alkene-a carbonyl cross-metathesis-would be a valuable tool for their exchange. Yet, this important synthetic challenge remains unsolved. Although alkene/alkene and alkene/carbonyl cross-metathesis reactions are known, there is a lack of analogous methods for deoxygenative cross-coupling of two carbonyl compounds. Here we report a pair of strategies for the cross-metathesis of unbiased carbonyls, allowing an aldehyde to be chemo- and stereoselectively combined with another aldehyde or ketone. These mild, catalytic methods are promoted by earth-abundant metal salts and enable rapid access to an unprecedentedly broad range of either Z- or E-alkenes by two distinct mechanisms-entailing transiently generated (1) carbenes and ylides (via Fe catalysis) or (2) doubly nucleophilic gem-di-metallics (via Cr catalysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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4
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Paixão DB, Soares EGO, Silva CDG, Peglow TJ, Rampon DS, Schneider PH. CS 2/KOH System-Promoted Stereoselective Synthesis of ( E)-Alkenes from Diarylalkynes and a "Hidden" Zinin-Type Reduction of Nitroarenes into Arylamines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38010206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the CS2/KOH system as a practical and efficient reductive medium for obtaining (E)-alkenes from alkynes through a highly stereoselective semireduction reaction. This cost-effective system enabled successful semireduction reactions of diverse alkynes using water as a hydrogen source, yielding moderate to excellent yields. The versatility of this protocol is further demonstrated through the synthesis of relevant compounds such as pinosylvin and resveratrol precursors, along with the notable anticancer agent DMU-212. Furthermore, during the reaction scope investigation, we serendipitously disclosed that this reductive system was also able to promote a Zinin-type reaction to reduce nitroarenes into arylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Paixão
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G O Soares
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caren D G Silva
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Peglow
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Rampon
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise (LAPOCA), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19061, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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5
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Hazra S, Panda S. Stereoselective Synthesis of Silylated Vinylboronates by a Boron-Wittig Reaction and Their Application to Tetrasubstituted Olefins. Chemistry 2023:e202303056. [PMID: 37991686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The highly stereoselective synthesis of a series of tetrasubstituted mono- as well as disilylated vinylboronates is reported by using the boron-Wittig approach. The condensation between acylsilanes and gem-diborylalkanes gave the desired tetrasubstituted olefins in good to excellent yield and high stereoselectivity. Also, a series of trisubstituted silylated vinyl MIDA-boronates was synthesized by using the boron-Wittig reaction followed by a transesterification reaction. This methodology allows direct incorporation of B(pin) and TMS groups in the anti-position of the olefin in a highly stereoselective manner. Further, sequential Suzuki coupling reaction with the silylated vinyl boronic esters generated all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes, which have been applied in the total synthesis of the anticancer drug Tamoxifen and aggregation-induced luminogen agent TPE-TF17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Hazra
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Conen P, Nickisch R, Meier MAR. Synthesis of highly substituted alkenes by sulfur-mediated olefination of N-tosylhydrazones. Commun Chem 2023; 6:255. [PMID: 37980378 PMCID: PMC10657425 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylenes (TPEs) are well-known for their aggregation-induced emission properties. The synthesis of TPE derivatives, as well as other highly substituted olefins, generally requires the use of hazardous reagents, such as metalorganic compounds, to overcome the high activation energies caused by the sterically congested double bond. Herein, we present an efficient and metal-free procedure for the synthesis of tetraarylethylenes via alkylidene-homocoupling of N-tosylhydrazones, derived from readily available benzophenones, in excellent yields. The method relies only on cheap and benign additives, i.e. elemental sulfur and potassium carbonate, and easily competes with other established procedures in terms of scope, yield and practicability. A mechanistic study revealed a diazo compound, a thioketone and a thiirane as key intermediates in the pathway of the reaction. Based on this, a modified method, which allows for selective alkylidene-cross-coupling, generating a broader scope of tri- and tetrasubstituted olefins in good yields, is showcased as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Conen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Roman Nickisch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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7
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Sun D, Chen R, Tang D, Xia Q, Zhao Y, Liu CH, Ding H. Total Synthesis of (-)-Retigeranic Acid A: A Reductive Skeletal Rearrangement Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37224289 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-retigeranic acid A was described, which relies on a crucial reductive skeletal rearrangement cascade for the controllable assembly of diverse angular triquinane subunits. Taken together with an intramolecular Michael/aldol cyclization, an ODI-[5 + 2] cycloaddition/pinacol rearrangement cascade, a Wolff ring contraction and a stereoselective HAT reduction, our synthetic approach has enabled the access to (-)-retigeranic acid A in a concise and practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongmin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qidong Xia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun-Hui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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8
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Lu D, Zou X, Li C. Advances in the application of named reactions in polymer synthesis. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221143691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of polymer science, more and more named reactions have been applied to synthesizing polymers. Introducing new reactions into polymer synthesis is undoubtedly an excellent expansion for monomer and polymer libraries. In this review, the named reactions employed in polymer-chain synthesis were divided into seven types: electrophilic reactions, nucleophilic reactions, transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, free radical reactions, pericyclic reactions, multi-component reactions and rearrangement reactions. The discussion was mainly focused on the progress in the utilization of these named reactions in polymer synthesis, which could be a valuable reference for researchers in the polymer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zou
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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9
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Banerjee S, Kobayashi T, Takai K, Asako S, Ilies L. Molybdenum-Quinone-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Coupling of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:7242-7246. [PMID: 36166349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of triphenylphosphine as a mild reductant, the use of catalytic amounts of Mo(CO)6 and an ortho-quinone ligand enables the intermolecular reductive coupling of aromatic aldehydes and the intramolecular coupling of aromatic ketones to produce functionalized alkenes. Diaryl- and diheteroaryl alkenes are synthesized with high (E)-selectivity and a tolerance toward bromide, iodide, and steric hindrance. Intramolecular coupling of dicarbonyl compounds under similar conditions affords mono- and disubstituted phenanthrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somsuvra Banerjee
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Laurean Ilies
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Hoenke S, Serbian I, Csuk R. A Malaprade cleavage, a McMurry ring closure and an intramolecular aldol contraction of maslinic acid’s ring A. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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