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Yamada TK, Nemoto R, Ishii H, Nishino F, Chang YH, Wang CH, Krüger P, Horie M. Designing 2D stripe winding network through crown-ether intermediate Ullmann coupling on Cu(111) surface. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:718-730. [PMID: 38533801 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00586k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis typically yields the most thermodynamically stable ordered arrangement, a principle also governing surface synthesis on an atomically level two-dimensional (2D) surface, fostering the creation of structured 2D formations. The linear connection arising from energetically stable chemical bonding precludes the generation of a 2D random network comprised of one-dimensional (1D) convoluted stripes through on-surface synthesis. Nonetheless, we underscored that on-surface synthesis possesses the capability not solely to fashion a 2D ordered linear network but also to fabricate a winding 2D network employing a precursor with a soft ring and intermediate state bonding within the Ullmann reaction. Here, on-surface synthesis was exhibited on Cu(111) employing a 2D self-assembled monolayer array of 4,4',5,5'-tetrabromodibenzo[18]crown-6 ether (BrCR) precursors. These precursors were purposefully structured, with a crown ether ring at the core and Br atoms positioned at the head and tail ends, facilitating preferential connections along the elongated axis to foster a 1D stripe configuration. We illustrate how adjustments in the quantities of the intermediate state, serving as a primary linkage, can yield a labyrinthine, convoluted winding 2D network of stripes. The progression of growth, underlying mechanisms, and electronic structures were scrutinized using an ultrahigh vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) setup combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This experimental evidence opens a novel functionality in leveraging on-surface synthesis for the formation of a 2D random network. This discovery holds promise as a pioneering constituent in the construction of a ring host supramolecule, augmenting its capability to ensnare guest atoms, molecules, or ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Kazu Yamada
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nemoto
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Haruki Ishii
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Fumi Nishino
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Peter Krüger
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Zhang JJ, Liu K, Xiao Y, Yu X, Huang L, Gao HJ, Ma J, Feng X. Precision Graphene Nanoribbon Heterojunctions by Chain-Growth Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310880. [PMID: 37594477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are considered promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronics. In particular, GNR heterojunctions have received considerable attention due to their exotic topological electronic phases at the heterointerface. However, strategies for their precision synthesis remain at a nascent stage. Here, we report a novel chain-growth polymerization strategy that allows for constructing GNR heterojunction with N=9 armchair and chevron GNRs segments (9-AGNR/cGNR). The synthesis involves a controlled Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) between 2-(6'-bromo-4,4''-ditetradecyl-[1,1':2',1''-terphenyl]-3'-yl) boronic ester (M1) and 2-(7-bromo-9,12-diphenyl-10,11-bis(4-tetradecylphenyl)-triphenylene-2-yl) boronic ester (M2), followed by the Scholl reaction of the obtained block copolymer (poly-M1/M2) with controlled Mn (18 kDa) and narrow Đ (1.45). NMR and SEC analysis of poly-M1/M2 confirm the successful block copolymerization. The solution-mediated cyclodehydrogenation of poly-M1/M2 toward 9-AGNR/cGNR is unambiguously validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV/Vis spectroscopies. Moreover, we also demonstrate the on-surface formation of pristine 9-AGNR/cGNR from the unsubstituted copolymer precursor, which is unambiguously characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Kun Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yao Xiao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Li Huang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Xing GY, Zhu YC, Li DY, Liu PN. On-Surface Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4462-4470. [PMID: 37154541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as a bottom-up synthetic method, has been proven to be a powerful tool for atomically precise fabrication of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials over the past 15 years. This method relies on covalent coupling reactions that occur on solid substrates such as metal or metal oxide surfaces under ultra-high-vacuum conditions, and the achievements with this method have greatly enriched fundamental science and technology. However, due to the complicated reactivity of organic groups, distinct diffusion of reactants and intermediates, and irreversibility of covalent bonds, achieving the high selectivity of covalent coupling reactions on surfaces remains a great challenge. As a result, only a few on-surface covalent coupling reactions, mainly involving dehalogenation and dehydrogenation homocoupling, are frequently used in the synthesis of low-dimensional carbon nanosystems. In this Perspective, we focus on the development and synthetic applications of on-surface cross-coupling reactions, mainly Ullmann, Sonogashira, Heck, and divergent cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Yin J, Jacobse PH, Pyle D, Wang Z, Crommie MF, Dong G. Programmable Fabrication of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons via Deterministic Iterative Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16012-16019. [PMID: 36017775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
While enormous progress has been achieved in synthesizing atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the preparation of GNRs with a fully predetermined length and monomer sequence remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report a fabrication method that provides access to structurally diverse and monodisperse "designer" GNRs through utilization of an iterative synthesis strategy, in which a single monomer is incorporated into an oligomer chain during each chemical cycle. Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation is subsequently employed to generate the final nanoribbons, and bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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