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Schweigart P, Hua W, Sánchez PA, Lian C, Nylund IE, Wragg D, Lai SY, Cova F, Svensson AM, Blanco MV. Deciphering the Impact of Current, Composition, and Potential on the Lithiation Behavior of Si-Rich Silicon-Graphite Anodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2406615. [PMID: 39380388 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Adding silicon (Si) to graphite (Gr) anodes is an effective approach for boosting the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, but it also triggers mechanical instability due to Si volume changes upon (de)lithiation reactions. In this work, component-specific (de)lithiation dynamics on Si-rich (30 and 70 wt.% Si) SiGr anodes at various charge/discharge C-rates are unveiled and compared to a graphite-only electrode (100Gr) via operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with differential capacity plots analysis. Results show preferential lithiation of amorphous Si above ≈200 mV and competing lithiation of Gr, amorphous Si, and crystalline Si below ≈200 mV. Discharge proceeds via sequential delithiation of Gr and amorphous lithium silicide. Si shifts the interconversion potentials of graphite intercalation compounds, lowering the Gr state of charge compared to 100Gr. In the 30% Si electrode, crystalline Si amorphization at potentials <110 mV is found to be kinetically hindered at C-rates higher than C/5, which can be key for enhancing the cycling stability of SiGr anodes. The 70% Si electrode exhibits restricted lithium diffusion in Gr, full Si amorphization, and Li15Si4 formation. These findings related to the potential- and current-dependent dynamic changes on SiGr blends are crucial for designing stable high energy density SiGr anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schweigart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands Vei 12, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
| | - Weicheng Hua
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands Vei 12, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
| | - Pedro Alonso Sánchez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aragón Nanoscience and Materials Institute (CSIC - University of Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Camilla Lian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands Vei 12, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
| | - Inger-Emma Nylund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands Vei 12, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
| | - David Wragg
- Battery Technology Department, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Samson Yuxiu Lai
- Battery Technology Department, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Federico Cova
- BL31 FaXToR Beamline, CELLS- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Ann Mari Svensson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands Vei 12, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
| | - Maria Valeria Blanco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands Vei 12, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
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Yang D, Ng YXA, Zhang K, Chang Q, Chen J, Liang T, Cheng S, Sun Y, Shen W, Ang EH, Xiang H, Song X. Imaging the Surface/Interface Morphologies Evolution of Silicon Anodes Using in Situ/ Operando Electron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20583-20602. [PMID: 37087764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Si-based rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have generated interest as silicon has remarkably high theoretical specific capacity. It is projected that LIBs will meet the increasing need for extensive energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics with high energy densities. However, the Si-based LIB has a substantial problem due to the volume cycle variations brought on by Si, which result in severe capacity loss. Making Si-based anodes-enabled high-performance LIBs that are easy to utilize requires an understanding of the fading mechanism. Due to its distinct advantage in morphological changes from microscale to nanoscale, even approaching atomic resolution, electron microscopy is one of the most popular methods. Based on operando electron microscopy characterization, the general comprehension of the fading mechanism and the morphology evolution of Si-based LIBs are debated in this review. The current advancements in compositional and structural interpretation for Si-based LIBs using advanced electron microscopy characterization methods are outlined. The future development trends in pertinent silicon materials characterization methods are also highlighted, along with numerous potential research avenues for Si-based LIBs design and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Yun Xin Angel Ng
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Kuanxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Tong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Hongfa Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
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