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Liu L, Dou Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Kong W, Ma C, He D, Wang H, Zhang H, Chang A, Zhao P. Recent Advances in Flexible Temperature Sensors: Materials, Mechanism, Fabrication, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405003. [PMID: 39073012 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is an emerging and cutting-edge technology which is considered as the building blocks of the next generation micro-nano electronics. Flexible electronics integrate both active and passive functions in devices, driving rapid developments in healthcare, the Internet of Things (IoT), and industrial fields. Among them, flexible temperature sensors, which can be directly attached to human skin or curved surfaces of objects for continuous and stable temperature measurement, have attracted much attention for applications in disease prediction, health monitoring, robotic signal sensing, and curved surface temperature measurement. Preparing flexible temperature sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, wide temperature measurement interval, high flexibility, stretchability, low cost, high reliability, and stability has become a research target. This article reviewed the latest development of flexible temperature sensors and mainly discusses the sensitive materials, working mechanism, preparation process, and the applications of flexible temperature sensors. Finally, conclusions based on the latest developments, and the challenges and prospects for research in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingying Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Chaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Donglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Hongguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Aimin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
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Afzal J, Yihong Z, Afzal U, Aslam M. A complex wireless sensors model (CWSM) for real time monitoring of dam temperature. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13371. [PMID: 36814613 PMCID: PMC9939598 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The following work is based on real-time temperature monitoring during the construction and during the operation of a dam. For this purpose, we have proposed a sensing model named: the "complex wireless sensors model (CWSM)" for measuring the value of different factors like temperature, humidity and pressure on the dam. The installation of the proposed model has been discussed with its wireless networking. The model contains five types of sensors i.e. humidity, temperature, pressure, sun and irradiance sensors for measuring the variation of different factors. The computation modeling of CWSM has been discussed in the paper. 3-D Finite Element method is used for thermal analysis. As the result, it is concluded that the wireless network will be more suitable for measuring and analyzing the effects of temperature, humidity, water pressure and solar radiation on the dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Afzal
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Zhou Yihong
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Usama Afzal
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author.
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Afzal U, Amin MZ, Arshad B, Afzal F, Maryam K, Zafar Q, Ahmad N, Ali N, Firdous M. Fabrication of graphene-based sensor for exposure to different chemicals. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33679-33687. [PMID: 36505702 PMCID: PMC9685274 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opto-chemical sensors are the most significant type of sensors that are widely used to detect a variety of volatile organic compounds and chemicals. This research work demonstrates the fabrication and characterization of an opto-chemical sensor based on a graphene thin film. A 300 nm graphene thin film was deposited on clean glass with the help of RF magnetron sputtering. The structure, surface and quality of the graphene thin film were characterized using XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. For optical characterization, the thin film was exposed to IPA, acetone and toluene (separately) for five, ten and fifteen minutes. The optical transmission was then observed via UV-NIR spectroscopy in the near-infrared range (900 to 1450 nm). The thin film of graphene has expressed a sharp response time and recovery time with high sensitivity for each chemical. However, by comparing the output of the graphene thin film in response to each chemical, it was observed that graphene thin film has a better transmission and sensing rate for exposure to toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Afzal
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | | | - Bilal Arshad
- Centre for High Energy Physics, University of the PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Fatima Afzal
- School of Chemistry, University of the PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Kanza Maryam
- School of Chemistry, University of the PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Qayyum Zafar
- Department of Physics, University of Management and TechnologyLahore 54000Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Education TownshipLahorePakistan
| | - Nazakat Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Education TownshipLahorePakistan
| | - Mashal Firdous
- Department of Physics, University of Education TownshipLahorePakistan
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Inanlu MJ, Farhadi J, Ansari E, Charkas S, Bazargan V. Effect of surfactant concentration on the evaporation-driven deposition of carbon nanotubes: from coffee-ring effect to strain sensing. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31688-31698. [PMID: 36380929 PMCID: PMC9638968 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrically conductive materials are of great importance in the fabrication of flexible electronic devices and wearable sensors. In this regard, the evaporation-driven self-assembly of CNTs has attracted increasing attention. CNT-based applications are mostly concerned with the alignment of CNTs and the density of CNT films. In the present work, we focus on the latter by trying to achieve an optimal evaporation-driven deposition with the densest CNT ring. Although surfactants are used for effective dispersion and colloidal stabilization of CNTs in the aqueous phase, their excessive usage induces Marangoni eddies in the evaporating sessile droplets, leading to poor ring depositions. Thus, there is an optimum surfactant concentration that contributes to CNTs deagglomeration and results in the densest ring-like deposition with relatively high thickness. We report that this optimum concentration for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant can be approximately considered as much as the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the colloidal nanoparticles. Optimal depositions show the lowest electrical resistances for each CNT concentration, making them suitable for electronic applications. We also propose the multiple depositions method in which a new droplet is printed after the complete evaporation of the previous droplet. This method can lead to denser rings with a higher conductivity using lower concentrations of CNTs. Lastly, we fabricate strain sensors based on the optimal evaporation-driven deposition of CNTs which show higher gauge factors than the commercial strain gauges, corroborating the applicability of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalal Inanlu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Jafar Farhadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Ansari
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Saina Charkas
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Bazargan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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Afzal U, Aslam M, Maryam K, AL-Marshadi AH, Afzal F. Fabrication and Characterization of a Highly Sensitive and Flexible Tactile Sensor Based on Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO) with Imprecise Data Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32569-32576. [PMID: 36120017 PMCID: PMC9476525 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensors are widely used in the electronic industry. In the following research work, we proposed a tactile sensor based on indium zinc oxide (IZO) electrodes and used neutrosophic statistics to analyze the capacitance and resistance of the tactile sensor. The tactile sensor was fabricated by depositing the IZO electrodes on a polycarbonate substrate (a thin layer). The IZO was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy techniques. The sensor's electrical properties were characterized using an LCR meter, i.e., capacitance and resistance were measured in intervals with respect to changes in the applied force on the sensor at 1 kHz operational frequency. The sensor expressed high sensitivity with quick response and recovery times. The sensor also expressed long-term stability. For the analysis of capacitance and resistance, two statistical approaches, i.e., classical and neutrosophic approaches, were applied, and the better analysis approach for the sensor was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Afzal
- School
of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Departments
of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanza Maryam
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussein AL-Marshadi
- Departments
of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Afzal
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Afzal U, Aslam M, Afzal F, Maryam K, Ahmad N, Zafar Q, Farooq Z. Fabrication of a graphene-based sensor to detect the humidity and the temperature of a metal body with imprecise data analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21297-21308. [PMID: 35975052 PMCID: PMC9344590 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material with remarkable properties. The present study demonstrates the fabrication of a graphene-based sensor for measuring the temperature and humidity of a metal body. The graphene sensor was fabricated by depositing a thin film of graphene nanoparticles between silver electrodes (separated by ∼50 μm) on a glass substrate. The graphene thin film was characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis techniques. The capacitance and resistance for both the relative humidity (in the range of 0-100% RH) and temperature (in the range of 230-310 K) were measured using an LCR meter at 1 kHz in a controlled chamber. The graphene-based sensor expressed high sensitivity with fast response and recovery times for both humidity and temperature with long stability and low hysteresis curves. The sensor was also tested on a metal body, which expressed a good response time. Moreover, the measured data of capacitance and resistance was analyzed with classical and neutrosophic analysis as an application of modern material statistics. It was observed that neutrosophic analysis is more flexible for analyzing the capacitance and resistance of the fabricated sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Afzal
- Visiting Lecturer, Faculty of Science, Gift College Hafizabad 52110 Pakistan .,Department of Physics, University of Education Township Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21551 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Afzal
- Bachelor Student, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Kanza Maryam
- Bachelor Student, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Education Township Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Qayyum Zafar
- Department of Physics, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Zahid Farooq
- Department of Physics, University of Education Faisalabad Campus Pakistan
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