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Selvaraj R, Nagendran V, Murugesan G, Goveas LC, Varadavenkatesan T, Samanth A, Vinayagam R, Brindhadevi K. Synthesis of magnetic biochar composite using Vateria indica fruits through in-situ one-pot hydro-carbonization for Fenton-like catalytic dye degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118414. [PMID: 38365050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, and application of sustainable magnetic biochar composite. The inedible fruits of Vateria indica, a powerful ayurvedic plant were hydrothermally transformed into magnetic biochar (BC-Fe3O4) in a single step and characterized by several sophisticated techniques. FESEM analysis portrayed fibrous irregular mesh-like biochar with surface clustered Fe3O4 nanoparticles, while the incidence of carbon, oxygen, and iron in the elemental analysis by EDS established magnetic biochar formation. Numerous peaks consistent with planes of (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (120) also substantiated the occurrence of magnetite nanoparticles and biochar respectively, as analyzed by XRD. XPS analysis showed signals at 285.65 eV, 533.28 eV, 711.08 eV, and 724.68 eV corroborating a strong C-O bond, O1s orbit, Fe2+, and Fe3+ respectively. BC-Fe3O4 was superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization of 4.74 emu/g, as per VSM studies, while its specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter were 5.74 m2/g, 0.029 cm3/g, and 20.86 nm respectively. The Fenton-like degradation of methylene blue (5.0-25.0 ppm) was accomplished by synthesized BC-Fe3O4, in the presence of H2O2. Within 180 min, almost complete degradation was achieved, with first-order kinetics having rate constants between 0.0299 and 0.0167 min-1. Stability and recyclability studies performed over 7 cycles exhibited unaltered degradation between 93.98 and 97.59%. This study exhibits the exceptional characteristics and degradation capabilities of BC-Fe3O4 synthesized from a sustainable plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vasundra Nagendran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gokulakrishnan Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Louella Concepta Goveas
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Adithya Samanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India.
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Xu J, Fu M, Ma Q, Zhang X, You C, Shi Z, Lin Q, Wang X, Feng W. Modification of biochar by phosphoric acid via wet pyrolysis and using it for adsorption of methylene blue. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15327-15333. [PMID: 37223644 PMCID: PMC10201197 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00680h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae biochar (ABC), coconut shell biochar (CSBC), and coconut coat biochar (CCBC) were prepared by wet pyrolysis in a phosphoric acid solvent under normal pressure. Materials were characterized for their micromorphology, specific surface area, and surface functional groups by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption-desorption spectrum technique and Fourier transform infrared diffraction (FT-IR). The evaluation of the liquid-phase adsorption performance using methylene blue (MB) as a pigment model, and the effects of temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and pollutant concentration of the MB adsorption onto modified biochars were fully investigated. The adsorption mechanism was proposed based on the adsorption kinetics curve and adsorption isotherm. The synthetic biochar showed great adsorption properties toward cationic dyes rather than anionic dyes. Specifically, the adsorption abilities for algal biochar, coconut shell biochar, and coconut coat biochar were determined to be 97.5%, 95.4% and 21.2%, respectively. The isothermal adsorption of MB by the three kinds of biochar conformed to the Langmuir equation, and the adsorption process fitted to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation, which suggested that ABC and CSBC effectively adsorbed MB dye molecules through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Meiyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Qianhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Chenghang You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Zaifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Xianghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Rouse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Remediation and Resource Utilization of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
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Ngernyen Y, Petsri D, Sribanthao K, Kongpennit K, Pinijnam P, Pedsakul R, Hunt AJ. Adsorption of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) onto biochar and magnetic biochar prepared from chrysanthemum waste of the beverage industry. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14712-14728. [PMID: 37197677 PMCID: PMC10184006 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar and magnetic biochar prepared from chrysanthemum waste of the beverage industry are effective adsorbents for the removal of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen (IBP), from aqueous systems. The development of magnetic biochar using iron chloride, overcame poor separation characteristics from the liquid phase of the powdered biochar after adsorption. Characterisation of biochars was achieved through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption/desorption porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), moisture and ash content, bulk density, pH and zero-point charge (pHpzc). The specific surface area of non-magnetic and magnetic biochars was 220 and 194 m2 g-1, respectively. Adsorption of ibuprofen was optimised with respect to contact time (5-180 min), solution pH (2-12) and initial drug concentration (5-100 mg L-1), with equilibrium being reached in 1 hour, and the maximum ibuprofen removal occurred at pH 2 and 4 for biochar and magnetic biochars, respectively. Investigation of the adsorption kinetics was achieved through application of the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion models. Adsorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms for both biochars are well described by pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models, respectively, with the maximum adsorption capacity of biochar and magnetic biochar being 167 and 140 mg g-1, respectively. Chrysanthemum derived non-magnetic and magnetic biochars exhibited significant potential as sustainable adsorbents toward the removal of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants such as ibuprofen from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvarat Ngernyen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Decha Petsri
- Lahan Sai Ratchadaphisek School Lahansai District Buriram 31170 Thailand
| | | | | | - Palita Pinijnam
- Lahan Sai Ratchadaphisek School Lahansai District Buriram 31170 Thailand
| | - Rinrada Pedsakul
- Lahan Sai Ratchadaphisek School Lahansai District Buriram 31170 Thailand
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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