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Zhang Y, Yang J, Dong C, Li X. Introducing hafnium to atomically small- and medium-sized tin clusters (HfSn n0/-/2- (n = 4-17)): A computational investigation of geometrical and growth behavior, spectral properties, electronic configuration and thermochemistry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124277. [PMID: 38636426 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The global and local minimum configurations of single Hf atom doped Sn clusters are conducted via density function theory (DFT) combined with artificial bee colony algorithm (ABCluster). Furthermore, DFT method is also used to systematically investigate on their structural growth evolution, spectral and electronic information, thermochemical properties following the size of tin clusters doped Hf atom. Structurally, the ground-state geometries of neutral, anion and di-anion are discovered that, from n = 4, the number of Sn atoms in cluster, HfSnn0/-/2- adsorb additional Sn atom on the prior architecture one by one until forming n = 17 for HfSnn-10/-, as well as forming n = 16 for HfSnn-12-. And for the HfSn110/- and HfSn102- as beginning the species veritably develop sealed architectures. The strongest vibrational modes of sealed nanoclusters are stretching modes of Hf atom with infrared actives and breathing modes of the Sn cage framework with Raman actives, respectively. The natural population analysis (NPA) elucidates the stronger relationship between the Hf atoms and the tin frameworks in sealed clusters than that in unsealed clusters. The results of thermochemical properties, molecular orbital shell (MOs), adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) indicate that, the HfSn16 with high symmetry of Td exhibits thermochemical stability and optoelectronic properties, which is utilized potentially as zero-dimensional unit of self-assembling fluorescent nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang JM, Wang HQ, Li HF, Mei XJ, Zeng JK, Qin LX, Zheng H, Zhang YH, Jiang KL, Zhang B, Wu WH. Aromatic and magnetic properties in a series of heavy rare earth-doped Ge 6 cluster anions. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1087-1097. [PMID: 38243618 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A series of pentagonal bipyramidal anionic germanium clusters doped with heavy rare earth elements,REGe 6 - (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), have been identified at the PBE0/def2-TZVP level using density functional theory (DFT). Our findings reveal that the centrally doped pentagonal ring structure demonstrates enhanced stability and heightened aromaticity due to its uniform bonding characteristics and a larger charge transfer region. Through natural population analysis and spin density diagrams, we observed a monotonic decrease in the magnetic moment from Gd to Yb. This is attributed to the decreasing number of unpaired electrons in the 4f orbitals of the heavy rare earth atoms. Interestingly, the system doped with Er atoms showed lower stability and anti-aromaticity, likely due to the involvement of the 4f orbitals in bonding. Conversely, the systems doped with Gd and Tb atoms stood out for their high magnetism and stability, making them potential building blocks for rare earth-doped semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xun-Jie Mei
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Kun Zeng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lan-Xin Qin
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai-Le Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Hai Wu
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Dong C, Li X. Theoretical study on structural evolution, photoelectron and vibrational spectra, and thermochemistry properties of neutral, anionic and di-anionic titanium-doped tin (TiSn n0/-/2- (n = 4-17)) nanoalloy clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123593. [PMID: 37925959 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution, chemical stability, electronic and vibrational properties, as well as charge transfer and bonding character of TiSnn0/-/2- (n = 4-17) clusters have been performed with density functional theory calculations using ABCluster search technique. Structurally, it is found that the growth patterns prefer three kinds of absorbed stages from polygonal bipyramidal configuration for n = 4-6, to absorbing additional Sn on the adjacent surfaces of pentagonal bipyramid unit from n = 7-12, and finally to the TiSn130/-/2- cluster as the first foundational architectures, of which the encapsulated cage structure is formed when n = 11. The simulated PES spectra agree with available experiments. More interestingly, the neutral TiSn16 cluster not only possesses the high thermodynamic and relative stability but also preferable photochemical reactivity, that can be further explained by superatom features and delocalized multi-center bonds (AdNDP), while the strong p-d hybridization between Ti atom and Sn unit plays an important role in the stabilities of clusters, making it as the most suitable building units. In addition, the UV-Vis absorption spectra of TiSn16 are discussed, and the main transitions of crucial excited states are analyzed in detail. The Infrared and Raman vibrational characteristic peaks of all these neutral and charged species are properly assigned, of which the TiSnn0/-/2- (n = 10-17) clusters possess degenerating deformation mode of Ti atom wagging in Sn cage framework (Infrared active) and breathing mode of Sn cage framework (Raman active). All these findings will provide a further understanding for the nanoalloy cluster as the most suitable building block with further development as a potential optoelectronic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousuo Zhang
- China Communications Construction Company (Suzhou) of Urban Development & Construction Limited Company, Shihu Jinling Plaza, Yuexi Street, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City 215100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Dong C. Structural Growth Pattern, Electronic Configurations, and Spectral and Thermochemistry Properties of ZrSn n0/-/2- ( n = 4-17) Nanoscale Compounds: A Systematic Study Using Density Functional Theory. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3675-3690. [PMID: 38284033 PMCID: PMC10809232 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
By performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations for geometric optimization in conjunction with the artificial bee colony algorithm for cluster (ABCluster) global search approach, the ground-state structures of the neutral, anionic, and dianionic ZrSnn0/-/2- (n = 4-17) nanoscale compounds are obtained. Their structural growth evolution, spectral information, and electronic and thermochemical properties are investigated. Regarding the architectural evolution of the neutral, anion, and dianionic species, ZrSnn0/-/2- (n = 4-17) compounds possess two different stages of adsorption patterns in which, when n = 4-7 and n = 8-17, ZrSn40/-/2- and ZrSn80/-/2- compounds as the basic motif adsorb Sn atoms to become the larger clusters, respectively. The simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of anionic compounds are in good agreement with the available experimental PES. The infrared and Raman spectra can be summarized as follows: under infrared vibrational modes, the sealed cages of ZrSnn0/-/2- compounds belong to the deformation mode, and under Raman vibrational modes, they belong to the breathing mode of the Sn cage framework. The density of states (DOS) spectra and natural population analysis (NPA) indicate that the interaction between the Zr atom and Snn frameworks of capsulated compounds has been developing stronger than for unsealed compounds. The results of thermochemical properties, molecular orbital shell (MOs) analysis, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum indicate that the neutral ZrSn16 nanoscale compound possesses not only both thermodynamic and chemical stability but also far-infrared sensing and optoelectronic properties and hence, is the best building block motif for new multipurpose nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dong
- College
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
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Wang H, Dong C, Yang J. Theoretical Insights into the Geometrical Evolution, Photoelectron Spectra, and Vibrational Properties of YGe n - ( n = 6-20) Anions: From Y-Linked to Y-Encapsulated Structures. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36330-36342. [PMID: 36278055 PMCID: PMC9583326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution behavior of germanium anionic clusters doped with the rare-earth metal yttrium, YGe n - (n = 6-20), has been investigated using a mPW2PLYP density functional scheme and an ABCluster structure searching technique. The results reveal that with increasing cluster size n, the structure evolution pattern is from the Y-linked framework (n = 10-14), where Y serves as a linker (the Y atom bridges two germanium subclusters), to the Y-encapsulated framework (n = 15-20), where the Y atom is located in the center of the Ge cage. The simulated PES spectra show satisfying agreement with the experimental PES spectra for n = 12-20, which reveals that the global minimum structures reported here are reliable. In particular, the anionic YGe16 - nanocluster is found to be the most stable structure in the size range of n = 6-20 through analyzes of the relative stability, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, spherical jellium model, and isochemical shielding surface. Moreover, spectral properties such as infrared and Raman spectra were reported. In addition, the UV-vis spectra of the YGe16 - nanocluster are in good agreement with solar energy distribution, showing that such substances serve as multifunctional building blocks to be potentially used in optoelectronic devices or solar energy converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot010051, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dong
- School
of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, Hohhot010051, Peoples Republic of
China
| | - Jucai Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot010051, Peoples Republic of China
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, Hohhot010051, Peoples Republic of
China
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