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Samwang T, Watanabe NM, Okamoto Y, Srinives S, Umakoshi H. Study of Chemical Polymerization of Polypyrrole with SDS Soft Template: Physical, Chemical, and Electrical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48946-48957. [PMID: 38162777 PMCID: PMC10753705 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a conductive polymer known for its biocompatibility and ease of synthesis. Chemically polymerized PPy was synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), showing correlations among chemical properties, physical morphology, and electrical properties. Focused synthesis parameters included the pyrrole (Py) concentration, SDS concentration, and ammonium persulfate (APS)/Py ratio. The addition of SDS during chemical polymerization influenced the physical morphology of PPy by altering the self-assembling process via micelle formation, yielding sheet-like morphologies. However, the phenomenon also relied heavily on other synthesis parameters. Varying SDS concentrations within the 0.01 to 0.30 M window produced PPy sheets with no significant difference in optical band gap or physical size. While using 0.10 M SDS, an increase in Py concentration from 0.10 to 0.30 M yielded a larger size of PPy as the morphology changed from sheet-like to irregular shape. The band gap dropped from 2.35 to 1.10 eV, and the conductivity rose from 6.80 × 10-1 to 9.40 × 10-1 S/m. With an increase in the APS/Py ratio, the PPy product changed from a random to a sheet-like form. The product provided a larger average size, a decreased band gap, and increased electrical conductivity. Py polymerization in the absence of SDS revealed no significant change in shape or size as the Py concentration increased from 0.10 to 0.30 M; only a sphere-like form was observed, with a large band gap and small conductivity. Results from Raman spectral analysis indicated a correlation between optical band gap, physical morphology, and bipolaron/polaron ratio, mainly at the wavelengths associated with C-C stretching and C-H deformation. The increase in average size was associated with a decrease in band gap and resistance as well as an increase in the bipolaron/polaron ratio. This work indicates a strong correlation between size, morphology, electrical properties, and the bipolaron/polaron ratio of PPy in the presence of SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaneeya Samwang
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nozomi Morishita Watanabe
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sira Srinives
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
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Karawek A, Kittipoom K, Tansuthepverawongse L, Kitjanukit N, Neamsung W, Lertthanaphol N, Chanthara P, Ratchahat S, Phadungbut P, Kim-Lohsoontorn P, Srinives S. The Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Fuels Using Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets/Graphene Oxide Heterostructure as Photocatalyst. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:320. [PMID: 36678074 PMCID: PMC9860753 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction to high-value products is a technique for dealing with CO2 emissions. The method involves the molecular transformation of CO2 to hydrocarbon and alcohol-type chemicals, such as methane and methanol, relying on a photocatalyst, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this research, TiO2 nanosheets (TNS) were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique in the presence of a hydrofluoric acid (HF) soft template. The nanosheets were further composited with graphene oxide and doped with copper oxide in the hydrothermal process to create the copper-TiO2 nanosheets/graphene oxide (CTNSG). The CTNSG exhibited outstanding photoactivity in converting CO2 gas to methane and acetone. The production rate for methane and acetone was 12.09 and 0.75 µmol h-1 gcat-1 at 100% relative humidity, providing a total carbon consumption of 71.70 µmol gcat-1. The photoactivity of CTNSG was attributed to the heterostructure interior of the two two-dimensional nanostructures, the copper-TiO2 nanosheets and graphene oxide. The nanosheets-graphene oxide interfaces served as the n-p heterojunctions in holding active radicals for subsequent reactions. The heterostructure also directed the charge transfer, which promoted electron-hole separation in the photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisit Karawek
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kittipad Kittipoom
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Labhassiree Tansuthepverawongse
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nutkamol Kitjanukit
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Wannisa Neamsung
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Napat Lertthanaphol
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Prowpatchara Chanthara
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sakhon Ratchahat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Poomiwat Phadungbut
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Kim-Lohsoontorn
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sira Srinives
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Constructing Active Sites on Self-Supporting Ti3C2Tx (T = OH) Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction into Alcohols. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti3C2Tx (T = OH) was first prepared from Ti3AlC2 by HF etching and applied into a photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Then, the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets present interbedded a self-supporting structure and extended interlayer spacing. Meanwhile, the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets are decorated with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups in the process of etching, which not only serve as active sites but also show efficient charge migration and separation. Among Ti3C2Tx materials prepared by etching for different times, Ti3C2Tx-36 (Etching time: 36 h) showed the best performance for photoreduction of CO2 into alcohols (methanol and ethanol), giving total yield of 61 μmol g catal.−1, which is 2.8 times than that of Ti3AlC2. Moreover, excellent cycling stability for CO2 reduction is beneficial from the stable morphology and crystalline structure. This work provided novel sights into constructing surface active sites controllably.
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