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Babalola AV, Oluwasusi V, Owoeye VA, Emegha JO, Pelemo DA, Fasasi A, Gurku UM, Alayande SO, Yusuf S, Saje M B. Effect of tin concentrations on the elemental and optical properties of zinc oxide thin films. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23190. [PMID: 38187231 PMCID: PMC10770455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pure zinc oxide and Sn-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on a pre-heated glass substrate from tin (II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) and zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO))2 precursors using spray pyrolysis technique. The doped films were achieved by adding various quantities of (SnCl2. 2H2O) precursor to the solution of zinc acetate in volume percent range of 0-10. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) was used to characterise the prepared films to determine their thickness and elemental composition. To examine the films' optical characteristics, a UV spectrometer operating at room temperature and covering a wavelength range of 300-1100 nm was employed. The film's thickness and composition show that as the volume of Sn in the thin films increases, so does the film's thickness. With average transmittance values up to 70 %, all the films are quite transparent in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and have a significant UV cut-off at roughly 380 nm. The reflectivity of Sn-doped ZnO films is seen to be independent of the volume of Sn in the films, and the reflectivity of the films diminishes as the wavelength increases. Sn-doped ZnO thin film has an optical band gap of 3.14-3.18 eV. The properties of the thin film produced make it suitable for solar energy collection and improve the efficiency of solar energy system, various optoelectronics devices and sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoye Victor Babalola
- Nile University of Nigeria, Research and Institution Area, Jabi, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
- Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Oluwasusi
- Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
- Department of Physics, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | - Victor Adewale Owoeye
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Onyeka Emegha
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Novena University Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - David A. Pelemo
- Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - A.Y. Fasasi
- Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Umar Milka Gurku
- Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
| | | | - Samson Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
| | - Baba Saje M
- Nile University of Nigeria, Research and Institution Area, Jabi, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
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Ghani MU, Imran M, Sampathkumar S, Tchier F, Pattabiraman K, Jan AZ. A paradigmatic approach to the molecular descriptor computation for some antiviral drugs. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21401. [PMID: 38027690 PMCID: PMC10658280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In theoretical chemistry, topological indices are commonly employed to model the physico-chemical properties of chemical compounds. Mathematicians frequently use Zagreb indices to calculate a chemical compound's strain energy, melting point, boiling temperature, distortion, and stability. The current global pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, is a significant public health concern. Various therapy modalities are advised. The issue has become worse since there hasn't been enough counseling. Researchers are looking at compounds that might be used as SARS and MERS therapies based on earlier studies. In several quantitative structure-property-activity relationships (QSPR and QSAR) studies, a variety of physiochemical properties are successfully represented by topological indices, a sort of molecular descriptor that just specifies numerical values connected to a substance's molecular structure. This study investigates several irregularity-based topological indices for various antiviral medicines, depending on the degree of irregularity. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the generated topological indices, a QSPR was also carried out using the indicated pharmaceuticals, the various topological indices, and the various physiochemical features of these antiviral medicines. The acquired results show a substantial association between the topological indices being studied by the curve-fitting approach and the physiochemical properties of possible antiviral medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Sampathkumar
- Department of Mathematics, SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam - 603 110, India
| | - Fairouz Tchier
- Mathematics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Pattabiraman
- Department of Mathematics Government Arts College, Kumbakonam 612 002, India
| | - Ahmad Zubair Jan
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poland
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Sasmal A, Maity S, Arockiarajan A, Sen S. Electroactive properties and piezo-tribo hybrid energy harvesting performances of PVDF-AlFeO 3 composites: role of crystal symmetry and agglomeration of fillers. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14837-14851. [PMID: 37791868 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02547k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic filler-loaded PVDF-based composites have been very widely used for electrical and energy harvesting applications in recent times. In this regard, the effects of different parameters of fillers like size, shape, chemical states, distribution, functional properties, and many others on the output performance of PVDF have been widely studied. However, the effect of another important parameter, namely the crystal symmetry of the filler, in tuning the energy harvesting performance of PVDF has been rarely explored. Therefore, to explore this fact, here we develop PVDF-based composite films by using two types of AlFeO3 fillers, one with rhombohedral R3̄c symmetry (AFRH) and another with an orthorhombic Pc21n structure. Ferrite-based oxides have been chosen here as fillers due to their good dielectric compatibility with PVDF. On the other hand, AlFeO3 has been chosen due to the simplicity of synthesizing it with both centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric crystal structures and the scarcity of reports exploring the energy-harvesting performance of AlFeO3-based polymer composites. A significant difference in particle agglomeration has also been observed here between the mentioned two types of AlFeO3 fillers which was mainly due to their specific synthesis conditions. The electroactive properties of PVDF have been observed to be mostly dependent on filler agglomeration. However, the crystal symmetry has shown a strong effect on the piezoelectric energy harvesting performances. As a result of these facts, the piezo-tribo hybrid energy harvesting performance, which depends on both the dielectric permittivity and piezoelectric activity, has been observed to be better for the AFRH5-based hybrid device (AFRH5H) (with ∼72 V open circuit voltage and ∼45 μW cm-2 power density) compared to that of the AFOR5-based hybrid device (AFOR5H). The real-life applications of all the energy harvesting devices have also been demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sasmal
- Functional Materials and Devices Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata - 700032, India.
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India
| | - Sourav Maity
- Functional Materials and Devices Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata - 700032, India.
| | - A Arockiarajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India
- Centre of Excellence in Ceramics Technologies for Futuristic Mobility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600036, India
| | - Shrabanee Sen
- Functional Materials and Devices Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata - 700032, India.
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Suman G, Pulikkathara M, Wilkins R, Treadwell LJ. Ionizing Radiation Sensing with Functionalized and Copper-Coated SWCNT/PMMA Thin Film Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2653. [PMID: 37836294 PMCID: PMC10574655 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the ionizing radiation effects on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin-film nanocomposites [SWNT/PMMA]. The functionalized thin-film devices are made of ferrocene-doped SWCNTs, SWCNTs functionalized with carboxylic acid (COOH), and SWCNTs coated/ modified with copper. The nanocomposite was synthesized by the solution blending method and the resulting nanocomposite was spin-cast on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). A 160 kV X-ray source was used to irradiate the thin film and changes in the electrical resistance of the nanocomposites due to X-rays were measured using a semiconductor device analyzer. Carboxylic acid functionalized and copper-coated SWCNT/PMMA nanocomposite showed a reduced response to X-rays compared to unfunctionalized SWCNT/PMMA nanocomposite. Ferrocene-doped SWCNT showed a higher sensitivity to X-rays at lower dose rates. This is in contrast to a previous study that showed that similar nanocomposites using functionalized multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) had demonstrated an improved response to X-rays ionizing radiation compared to unfunctionalized MWCNTs for all dose rates. Electrical measurements were also performed using the Arduino Nano microcontroller. The result showed that a relatively economical, lightweight-designed prototype radiation sensor based on SWCNT/PMMA thin-film devices could be produced by interfacing the devices with a modest microcontroller. This work also shows that by encapsulating the SWCNT/PMMA thin-film device in a plastic container, the effect of ambient humidity can be reduced and the device can still be used to detect X-ray radiation. This study further shows that the sensitivity of SWCNT to X-rays was dependent on both the functionalization of the SWCNT and the dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddi Suman
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
| | - Merlyn Pulikkathara
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Richard Wilkins
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
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Hossain MI, Hasnat MA. Recent advancements in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor development for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in food and environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19299. [PMID: 37662791 PMCID: PMC10474438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs) are among the extensively used pesticides throughout the world to boost agricultural production. However, persistent residues of these toxic pesticides in various vegetables, fruits, and drinking water poses detrimental health effects. Consequently, the rapid monitoring of these harmful chemicals through simple and cost-effective methods has become crucial. In such an instance, electrochemical methods offer simple, rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and affordable detection pathways. To overcome the limitations associated with electrochemical enzymatic sensors, non-enzymatic sensors have emerged as promising and simpler alternatives. The non-enzymatic sensors have demonstrated superior activity, reaching detection limit up to femto (10-15) molar concentration in recent years, leveraging higher selectivity obtained through the molecularly imprinted polymers, synergistic effects between carbonaceous nanomaterials and metals, metal oxide alloys, and other alternative approaches. Herein, this review paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in the development of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for the detection of commonly used OPPs, such as Chlorpyrifos (CHL), Diazinon (DZN), Malathion (MTN), Methyl parathion (MP) and Fenthion (FEN). The design method of the electrodes, electrode functioning mechanism, and their analytical performance metrics, such as limit of detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity range, were reviewed and compared. Furthermore, the existing challenges within this rapidly growing field were discussed along with their potential solutions which will facilitate the fabrication of advanced and sustainable non-enzymatic sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Hossain
- Electrochemistry & Catalysis Research Laboratory (ECRL), Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Hasnat
- Electrochemistry & Catalysis Research Laboratory (ECRL), Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
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Gharibshahi E, Radiman S, Ashraf A, Saion E, Gharibshahi L, Ashraf S. Simulation and Synthesis of Cobalt (Co) Nanoparticles by Gamma Radiation Technique. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1383. [PMID: 37512694 PMCID: PMC10386513 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized using the gamma radiolytic technique, and the particle size was found to be reduced from 12±1 to 7±1 nm by increasing the dose from 10 to 60 kGy. The UV-visible absorption spectra were measured and exhibited a steady absorption maxima at 517 nm in the UV region, which blue-shifted toward a lower wavelength with a decrease in particle size. By taking the conduction electrons of an isolated particle that are not entirely free but are instead bound to their respective quantum levels, the optical absorption of the cobalt nanoparticles can be calculated and simulated via intra-band quantum excitation for particle sizes comparable to the measured ones. We found that the simulated absorption maxima of electronic excitations corresponded to the measured absorption maxima. Moreover, the structural characterizations were performed utilizing dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gharibshahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Shahidan Radiman
- School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ahmadreza Ashraf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Elias Saion
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Leila Gharibshahi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sina Ashraf
- School of Mathematics, Science and Engineering, University of the Incarnate Word (UIW), 4301 Broadway, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA
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