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Wang P, Zou L, Han H, Zhang T. A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of loganic acid in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5951. [PMID: 38956830 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Loganic acid is an iridoid compound extracted from Gentianaceae plant Gentiana macrophylla Pall. It can effectively inhibit inflammation and tumor migration and has antioxidant activity. In this paper, we establish a simple, fast, sensitive and validated LC-MS method with the purpose of quantification of loganic acid in rat plasma with gliclazide as an internal standard (IS). Methanol was used to precipitate the protein in the plasma sample, and a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for the separation of the target compound. Meanwhile, 0.1% formic acid water-methanol was employed as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring detection mode was adopted in detection with m/z 375.1 > 213.2 for loganic acid and m/z 322.1 > 169.9 for the IS, respectively, in negative ion scan mode. The linear range of calibration curve was 5.77-11,540.00 ng/ml, and the lower limit of detedtion was 2.89 ng/ml. The inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy were <15% for lower limit of quantitation, low, middle and high quality control samples. This method was successfully used for the pharmacokinetic study of loganic acid in rat plasma at a dose range of 50-150 mg/kg for oral administration and 2 mg/kg for intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the oral bioavailability of loganic acid was low (2.71-5.58%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Luo J, Liang L, Xie Q, Qiu Y, Jiang S, Yang Y, Zhu L, Fu Y, Chen S, Wang W, Yuan H. Differential analysis of phytochemistry and antioxidant activity in five citrus by-products based on chromatography, mass spectrometry, and spectrum-effect relationships. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101010. [PMID: 38144808 PMCID: PMC10739857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The unripe fruit or peel of Citrus aurantium L., Citrus sinensis Osbeck, and Citrus reticulata Blanco are often disregarded due to perceptions of their marginal value. The present study was undertaken to explore the differences in phytochemical composition and bioactive properties of five citrus by-products in China and demonstrate their potential value. 214 compounds were systematically identified using LC-Orbitrap-MS analysis. Among them, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin were established as essential compounds for the discrimination and authentication of the five by-products via a combination of LC-MS, HPLC, and TLC techniques. Variations in the antioxidant activity of the by-products were observed, which correlated with their maturity and were attributable to differences in their active ingredients. Moreover, spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the four previously identified differential markers, along with nobiletin and tangeretin, significantly contributed to the differences in antioxidant activity. The results highlight the potential for citrus by-product enhancement and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyi Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qinling Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yupei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yangfen Fu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghuang Chen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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