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Mondal P, Mandal N, Pal AK, Datta A. Computational Insights into Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Anilide and Benzamide-Type [3+2] Annulation via Double C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39072638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of palladium-catalyzed annulation reactions of benzamide- and anilide-type aromatic systems with maleimides is investigated using density functional theory. Double C-H bond activation is key to forming the desired annulation product. The first C-H bond activation for anilide- and amide-type ligands can occur at the ortho and benzylic C-H bonds, while the second C-H activation occurs at the meta carbon of the aromatic rings. For the anilide-type system, ortho and benzylic C-H bond activations occur via four- and five-membered palladacycles, respectively. In contrast, for the benzamide-type system, ortho and benzylic C-H bond activations occur via five- and six-membered palladacycles, respectively. The energy span model suggests that the initial C-H bond activation step at the benzylic position determines the turnover frequency for both anilide- and benzamide-type systems. Energy decomposition analysis and distortion-interaction/activation-strain analyses are employed to understand the electronic and steric factors controlling the turnover frequency-determining transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilangshu Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal, India
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2
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Fu Y, Chen X, Chen H, Liu JJ, Du Z. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Annulation Reaction of Aryl Iodides and Methyl 2-Haloarenecarboxylates. Org Lett 2024; 26:5253-5257. [PMID: 38869448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A ligand-free palladium-catalyzed and norbornadiene-mediated annulation reaction of iodoarenes with methyl 2-haloarenecarboxylates is reported. The sequentially accomplished reaction comprises intermolecular C-H arylation, followed by intramolecular decarboxylative annulation, affording various valuable phenanthrenes. This reaction protocol could be expanded to triphenylene syntheses whereby norbornene was the cocatalyst. Interestingly, the decarboxylation of methyl esters was accomplished via solvent-mediated CMe-O bond cleavages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou L, Jing P, Li Z, Liu R, Chen J, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang Y. Norbornene Derivatives-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of Dibenzo[ a, c]cycloheptenones and Fluorenones from Aryl Iodides and α-Oxocarboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:676-680. [PMID: 38235713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed divergent cascade decarboxylative annulation of aryl iodides and α-oxocarboxylic acids using norbornene (NBE) derivatives as a controlled switch is reported. When NBE is used as a mediator, fluorenones are synthesized with moderate to excellent yields via a Catellani reaction that involves sequential ortho-C-H arylation and ipso-decarboxylative acylation of aryl iodides. Employing oxanorbornadiene (ONBD) instead of NBE enables the assembly of dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptenones by a retro-Diels-Alder reaction rather than the release of an ONBD. Additionally, the synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by the diversification of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Pengyang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Guobo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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4
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Abel-Snape X, Johnson CE, Imbriaco B, Lautens M. Synthesis of spirooxindoles via formal acetylene insertion into a common palladacycle intermediate. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5650-5655. [PMID: 37265736 PMCID: PMC10231318 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed spirocyclization reaction is reported, which is proposed to arise via insertion of an oxabicycle into a palladacycle, formed from carbocyclization and a C-H functionalization sequence. Mechanistic studies suggest the insertion is diastereoselective and a post-catalytic retro-Diels-Alder step furnishes an alkene, wherein the oxibicycle has served as an acetylene surrogate. Aryl iodides and carbamoyl chlorides were compatible as starting materials under the same reaction conditions, enabling the convergent and complementary synthesis of spirooxindoles, as well as other azacycles. These spirooxindoles allowed further transformations that were previously unaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Abel-Snape
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Colton E Johnson
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Bianca Imbriaco
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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5
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Molnár Á. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Five‐membered Nitrogen Heterocycles Induced by Palladium Ions and Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 6720 Szeged Hungary
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6
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Suzuki M, Terada M, Nakamura I. Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement of O-aryl ketoximes via oxidative addition of N–O bond in inverse electron flow †. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5705-5711. [PMCID: PMC10231427 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes were promoted by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-copper catalysts and BF3·OEt2 as an additive, affording ortho-aminophenol derivatives in good yields. The reaction of substrates with electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenol moiety are accelerated by adding silver salt and modifying the substituent at the nitrogen atom. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the rate-determining step of this reaction is the oxidative addition of the N–O bond of the substrate to the copper catalyst. The negative ρ values of the substituent at both the oxime carbon and phenoxy group indicate that the donation of electrons by the oxygen and nitrogen atoms accelerates the oxidative addition. [1,3]-Nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes was catalytically promoted by IPrCuBr and BF3·OEt2. The oxidative addition of the N–O bond to the Cu catalyst is accelerated by donation of electrons from both nitrogen and oxygen atoms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
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7
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Geng X, Shatskiy A, Alvey GR, Liu JQ, Kärkäs MD, Wang XS. Tandem Palladium/Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Approach to Benzoimidazo- and Imidazophenanthridine Skeletons. Org Lett 2022; 24:9194-9199. [PMID: 36512690 PMCID: PMC9791681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for a tandem Pd/Cu-catalyzed intermolecular cross-coupling cascade between o-bromobenzoic acids and 2-(2-bromoaryl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles or the corresponding imidazoles is presented. The protocol provides conceptually novel and controlled access to synthetically useful N-fused (benzo)imidazophenanthridine scaffolds with high efficiency, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory R. Alvey
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China,Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Xiang-Shan Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China,
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8
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Chen X, Chen Y, Xu W, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang Y. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Heteroarenes via an Aminopalladation/C-H Activation/Dealkylation/Decarboxylative Cyclization Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:7282-7287. [PMID: 36178785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Until now, cascade reactions involving five-membered C,C-palladacycles rely heavily on Pd(0)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of aryl halides initiated by carbopalladation. Herein, we report a novel Pd(II)-catalyzed cascade decarboxylative cyclization of o-alkynylanilines initiated by aminopalladation. In this protocol, o-alkynylanilines undergo sequential anti aminopalladation, C-H activation, and dealkylation to form C,C-palladacycles, which are then trapped by o-bromobenzoic acids or 8-bromo-1-naphthoic acid to produce diverse polycyclic heteroarenes, such as dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles and multiple arene-fused cyclohepta[1,2-b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahong Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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9
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Jing C, Jones BT, Adams RJ, Bower JF. Cyclopropane-Fused N-Heterocycles via Aza-Heck-Triggered C(sp 3)-H Functionalization Cascades. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16749-16754. [PMID: 36083505 PMCID: PMC9501755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Unique examples of aza-Heck-based C(sp3)–H
functionalization
cascades are described. Under Pd(0)-catalyzed conditions, the aza-Heck-type
cyclization of N-(pentafluorobenzoyloxy)carbamates
generates alkyl–Pd(II) intermediates that effect C(sp3)–H palladation en route to cyclopropanes. Key factors that
control the site selectivity of the cyclopropanation process have
been elucidated such that selective access to a wide range of ring-
or spiro-fused systems can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ross J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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10
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Qiao S, Deng W, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang Y. Research advances in palladium-catalysed intermolecular C-H annulation of aryl halides with various aromatic ring precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6275-6292. [PMID: 35861153 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalysed C-H functionalization has emerged as a powerful approach for the transformation of organic molecules due to its high atom and step economy. Palladium-catalysed intermolecular C-H annulation of aryl halides, especially those involving annulation of a five-membered C,C-palladacycle with coupling reagents, have attracted considerable attention in the past decades. This review summarizes the progress on palladium-catalysed intermolecular C-H annulation of aryl halides with various aromatic ring precursors. Mechanistically, five-membered C,C-palladacycles as intermediates are involved in the majority of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Qiao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Wenbo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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