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Xia J, Mark G, Tong Y, Hu T, Volokh M, Han F, Chen H, Shalom M. Enhancing the Activity of a Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst by Constructing a Triazine-Heptazine Homojunction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10050-10056. [PMID: 38745389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Establishing homojunctions at the molecular level between different but physicochemically similar phases belonging to the same family of materials is an effective approach to promoting the photocatalytic activity of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) materials. Here, we prepared a CN material with a uniform distribution of homojunctions by combining two synthetic strategies: supramolecular assemblies as the precursor and molten salt as the medium. We designed porous CN rods with triazine-heptazine homojunctions (THCNs) using a melem supramolecular aggregate (Me) and melamine as the precursors and a KCl/LiBr salt mixture as the liquid reaction medium. The triazine/heptazine ratio is controlled by varying the relative amounts of the chosen precursors, and the molten salt treatment enhances the structural order of the interplanar packing units for the THCN skeleton, leading to rapid charge migration. The resulting built-in electric field induced by the triazine-heptazine homojunction enhances photogenerated charge separation; the optimal THCN catalyst exhibits an excellent H2 evolution rate via photocatalytic water splitting, which is ∼24 times as high as that of reference bulk CN, with long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gabriel Mark
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yuxuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Applied Physics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Fengyan Han
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Zheng D, Wu Y, Yang X, Wang S, Fang Y. Developing Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400528. [PMID: 38716782 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a crucial role in various applications, such as green oxidation processes and the production of high-quality fuels. Currently, H2O2 is primarily manufactured using the indirect anthraquinone method, known for its significant energy consumption and the generation of intensive by-products. Extensive research has been conducted on the photocatalytic production of H2O2 via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) emerging as a promising catalyst for this conversion. This review article is organized around two approaches. The first part main consists of the chemical optimization of the PCN structure, while the second focuses on the physical integration of PCN with other functional materials. The objective is to clarify the correlation between the physicochemical properties of PCN photocatalysts and their effectiveness in H2O2 production. Through a thorough review and analysis of the findings, this article seeks to stimulate new insights and achievements, not only in the domain of H2O2 production via ORR but also in other redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yahan Wu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xintuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- Sino-UK International joint Laboratory on photocatalysis for clean energy and advanced chemicals & Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
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Li Y, Ge D, Zhang H, Shangguan L, Mou Z, Xia F, Sun J, Liu X, Su Y, Lei W. Solvated Electrons Generated on the Surface of Na-SPHI for Boosting Visible Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Ultra-High AQE. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401392. [PMID: 38705862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the utilization of visible-light-active semiconductors with an excellent apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) remains a significant and challenging goal in the realm of photocatalytic water splitting. In this study, a fully condensed sulfur-doped poly(heptazine imide) metalized with Na (Na-SPHI) is synthesized by an ionothermal method by using eutectic NaCl/LiCl mixture as the ionic solvent. Comprehensive characterizations of the obtained Na-SPHI reveal several advantageous features, including heightened light absorption, facilitated exciton dissociation, and expedited charge transfer. More importantly, solvated electron, powerful reducing agents, can be generated on the surface of Na-SPHI upon irradiation with visible light. Benefiting from above advantage, the Na-SPHI exhibits an excellent H2 evolution rate of 571.8 µmol·h-1 under visible light illumination and a super-high AQE of 61.7% at 420 nm. This research emphasizes the significance of the solvated electron on the surface of photocatalyst in overcoming the challenges associated with visible light-driven photocatalysis, showcasing its potential application in photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Dachuan Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Li Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Zhigang Mou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Feifei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuyu Su
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Weiwei Lei
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Wang C, Chen Z, Xiao S, He J. Visible light-induced hole transfer in single-nanoplate Cu 1.81S-CdS heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5401-5408. [PMID: 38376462 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers in semiconducting materials are essential processes that determine the efficiency of optoelectronic devices and photocatalysts, and transient absorption spectroscopy provides a powerful support for exploring the diffusion and recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Herein, high-quality Cu1.81S nanoplates were synthesized by a hot injection method, and were used as starting templates for the preparation of Cu1.81S-CdS heterojunctions and CdS nanoplates by cation exchange. Their carrier dynamics were investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy, which revealed that photogenerated holes may be transferred from the CdS phase to the Cu1.81S phase under 400 nm excitation. This process is in the opposite direction to the hole transfer induced by near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance in copper sulfide heterostructures. Moreover, density functional theory calculations were used to further explain the visible light-induced hole transport process. This transfer is a potential way to increase the rate of H2 production and enhance the photostability of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhaozhe Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Si Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Wang J, Sheng R, Xiao J, Lu L, Peng Y, Gu D, Xiao W. Matched Redox Kinetics on Triazine-Based Carbon Nitride/Ni(OH) 2 for Stoichiometric Overall Photocatalytic CO 2 Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309707. [PMID: 38386245 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Mismatched reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction and H2 O oxidation is the main obstacle limiting the overall photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Here, a molten salt strategy is used to construct tubular triazine-based carbon nitride (TCN) with more adsorption sites and stronger activation capability. Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are then grown over the TCN to trigger a proton-coupled electron transfer for a stoichiometric overall photocatalytic CO2 conversion via "3CO2 + 2H2 O = CH4 + 2CO + 3O2 ." TCN reduces the energy barrier of H2 O dissociation to promote H2 O oxidation to O2 and supply sufficient protons to Ni(OH)2 , whereby the CO2 conversion is accelerated due to the enhanced proton-coupled electron transfer process enabled by the sufficient proton supply from TCN. This work highlights the importance of matching the reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction and H2 O oxidation by proton-coupled electron transfer on stoichiometric overall photocatalytic CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ren Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Juanxiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Li Lu
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, 401123, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dong Gu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang K, Song R, Wu N, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Wang L, Xing J. Enhancing the Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence of Graphitic Carbon Nitride via Atomic and Molecular Co-modification. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:925-932. [PMID: 38241479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials exhibit attractive optoelectronic physical properties; however, their low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit their applications in luminescent devices. Here, boron-doped aromatic carbon nitride (B-PhCNx) was synthesized for the first time via direct thermal polymerization of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and boric acid. The impact of B doping and phenyl modifying on the structural and optical characteristics of the samples was investigated in detail. The highest PLQY of 40.7% was achieved in B-PhCN20, which is 6.8 times that of pristine carbon nitride (p-CN). The B-PhCN20-based light-emitting diode demonstrates a maximum luminance of 1494 cd m-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.03%, which are 3.5 and 4.9 times that of the p-CN-based device, respectively. Our findings will provide a reference for rationally designing low-cost and high-performance carbon-nitride-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
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Xu Y, Lai W, Cui X, Zheng D, Wang S, Fang Y. Controlled crystal facet of tungsten trioxide photoanode to improve on-demand hydrogen peroxide production for in-situ tetracycline degradation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:822-829. [PMID: 37979288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are widely employed for the treatment of organic pollutions. However, the conventional anthraquinone method for H2O2 synthesis is unsuitable for this application owing to its hazardous and costly nature. Alternative approaches involve a photoelectrochemical method. Herein, tungsten trioxide (WO3) photoanode has been used for the conversion of H2O into H2O2 through oxidation reaction from a PEC system, simultaneously utilizing in-situ generated hydroxyl (OH•) radicals for tetracycline degradation. By manipulating the ratio of crystal facets between (020) and (200) of the WO3 photoanode, a significant improvement in H2O2 production has been achieved by increasing the proportion of (020) facet. The production rate of WO3 photoanode enriched with the (020) facet is approximately 1.9 times higher than that enriched with (200) facet. This enhanced H2O2 production performance can be attributed to the improved formation of OH• radicals and the accelerated desorption of H2O2 on the (020) facet. Simultaneously, the in-situ generated OH• radicals are applied for tetracycline degradation. Under illumination of sunlight stimulator for 180 min, the optimal photoanode achieves a degradation rate of 86.7% for tetracycline. Furthermore, the resulting chemicals have been analyzed, revealing that C8H10O and C7H8O were formed as the primary products. Notably, these products exhibit significantly lower toxicity compared to tetracycline. This study presents a promising approach for the rational design of WO3 based photoanodes for oxidation reaction, including not only H2O2 production but also the efficient degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Wei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
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Deng Q, Li H, Hu W, Hou W. Stability and Crystallinity of Sodium Poly(Heptazine Imide) in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314213. [PMID: 37794843 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) salts, as crystalline carbon nitrides, exhibit high photocatalytic activity and are being extensively researched, but its photochemical instability has not drawn researchers' attention yet. Herein, sodium PHI (PHI-Na) ultrathin nanosheets with increased crystallinity, synthesized by enhancing contact of melamine with NaCl functioning as a structure-induction agent and hard template, exhibits improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity, but low photochemical stability, owing to Na+ loss in the photocatalytic process, which, interestingly, can be enhanced by the common ion effect, e.g., addition of NaCl that is also able to remarkably increase the photoactivity with the apparent quantum yield at 420 nm reaching 41.5 %. This work aims at attracting research peers' attention to photochemical instability of PHI salts and provides a way to enhance their crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhua Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Stanley fertilizer (plain) Co., Ltd, Dezhou, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Haiping Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Wenxuan Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Wanguo Hou
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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Chen B, Lu W, Xu P, Yao K. Potassium Poly(heptazine imide) Coupled with Ti 3C 2 MXene-Derived TiO 2 as a Composite Photocatalyst for Efficient Pollutant Degradation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11397-11405. [PMID: 37008085 PMCID: PMC10061626 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is an effective and sustainable way to solve environmental problems, and the key is to develop an efficient, low-cost, and stable photocatalyst. Polymeric potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI), as a new member of the carbon nitride family, is a promising candidate but is characterized by a high charge recombination rate. To solve this problem, K-PHI was in-situ composited with MXene Ti3C2-derived TiO2 to construct a type-II heterojunction. The morphology and structure of composite K-PHI/TiO2 photocatalysts were characterized via different technologies, including TEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and UV-vis reflectance spectra. Robust heterostructures and tight interactions between the two components of the composite were verified. Furthermore, the K-PHI/TiO2 photocatalyst showed excellent activity for Rhodamine 6G removal under visible light illumination. When the weight percent of K-PHI in the original mixture of K-PHI and Ti3C2 was set to 10%, the prepared K-PHI/TiO2 composite photocatalyst shows the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency as high as 96.3%. The electron paramagnetic resonance characterization indicated that the·OH radical is the active species accounting for the degradation of Rhodamine 6G.
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Xu Y, Cao Y, Tan L, Chen Q, Fang Y. The development of cobalt phosphide co-catalysts on BiVO 4 photoanodes to improve H 2O 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:323-332. [PMID: 36459937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoanodic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production via water oxidation is limited by low yields and poor selectivity. Herein, four variations of cobalt phosphides, including pristine CoP and Co2P crystals, and two mixed-phase cobalt phosphides (CoP/Co2P) with different ratios, were applied as co-catalysts on the BiVO4 (BVO) photoanode to improve H2O2 production. The optimal yield and selectivity were approximately 9.6 µmol‧h-1‧cm-2 and 25.2 % at a voltage bias of 1.7 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) under sunlight illumination, respectively. This performance is approximately 1.8 times that of pristine BVO photoanode. The roles of the Co and P sites were investigated. In particular, the Co site promotes the breaking of one HO bond in water to form OH• radicals, which is the rate-determining step in H2O2 production. The P site plays an important role in the desorption of H2O2 formed from the catalyst, which is responsible for the recovery of fresh catalytic sites. Among the four samples, Co2P exhibited the best performance for H2O2 production because it had the highest rate of OH• formation owing to its improved accumulation property. This study offers a rational design strategy for co-catalysts for photoanodic H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
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Volokh M, Shalom M. Polymeric carbon nitride as a platform for photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1521:5-13. [PMID: 36719040 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) materials are promising low-cost photocatalysts that exhibit a combination of chemical and physical properties suitable for converting light into redox activity on their surface. In this perspective, we describe our experience with this family of materials as light absorbers that serve as an anode in photoelectrochemical cells toward water-splitting. We describe some of the CN deposition techniques and procedures established in our lab. The knowledge gained from powder-based photocatalysis is implemented in photoelectrochemical scenarios and is used to determine the merits and shortcomings of resulting layers. We show how the preparation methods are oriented based on these factors and how high photoelectrochemical water-splitting activity develops in photoanodes we developed where CN(s) act as photoabsorbers. Lastly, we present our view on the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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12
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Zhang H, Cao Y, Li Z, Gao Y, Shangguan L, Sun J, Lang L, Lei W. Improved charge transport through 2D framework in fully condensed carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Li J, Dor S, Barrio J, Shalom M. Efficient Water Cleaning by Self‐standing Carbon Nitride Films Derived from Supramolecular Hydrogels. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201969. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Snir Dor
- Department of Materials Engineering Israel Ministry of Defense Hakirya Tel Aviv 61909 Israel
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines Imperial College London London SW72AZ UK
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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Wang L, Cui X, Xu Y, Anpo M, Fang Y. Sustainable photoanode for water oxidation reactions: from metal-based to metal-free materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10469-10479. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight affords an inexhaustible and primary energy for Earth. A photoelectrochemical system can efficiently harvest solar energy and convert it into chemicals. However, sophisticated processes and expensive raw materials are...
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Long M, Li D, Li H, Ma X, Zhao Q, Wen Q, Song F. Synergetic effect of photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate activated by MFe 2O 4 (M = Co, Mn, or Zn) for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20946-20955. [PMID: 35919161 PMCID: PMC9301941 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosized MFe2O4 (M = Co, Mn, or Zn) photocatalysts were synthesized via a simple sol–gel method. MFe2O4 photocatalysts exhibited lower photocatalytic activity for the degradation of levofloxacin hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. For enhancement of photocatalytic activity, MFe2O4 was used to activate peroxymonosulfate and degrade levofloxacin hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. The influences of peroxymonosulfate dosage, levofloxacin hydrochloride concentration, pH value, and temperature on peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade levofloxacin hydrochloride were investigated in detail. The mechanism of activation of peroxymonosulfate by MFe2O4 was proposed and proved by radical quenching experiments, electron spin resonance analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and transient photocurrent responses. The combined activation effects of photogenerated e−/h+ and transition metals on peroxymonosulfate to produce sulfate radical clearly enhanced the degradation efficiency. The combined activation effects of photogenerated e−/h+, Fe, Co, Mn, and Zn on peroxymonosulfate to produce SO4˙− clearly enhanced the degradation efficiency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Di Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Hongmiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xinguo Ma
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qi Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fang Song
- Instrument Analysis Center, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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