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Wen S, Bu J, Shen K. Dual Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Cross-Coupling To Access Chiral Secondary Benzylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38327084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling represents a powerful strategy for C-C bond formation and the synthesis of enantiomerically pure molecules. Here, we report a dual nickel/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl halides with α-bromobenzoates, readily generated from aliphatic aldehydes, to provide diverse chiral secondary benzylic alcohols that are important motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This dual catalytic system features mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, excellent enantiocontrol, and avoidance of stoichiometric metal reductants, presenting great potential for late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Bu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Shi Y, Nie J, Wu Z, Ji X, Huang H. Photoredox Enabled Defluorinative Benzylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Alkylarenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:100-105. [PMID: 38147046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoredox enabled defluorinative benzylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with readily available alkylarenes, which provides convenient access to a series of structurally valuable benzylated gem-difluoroalkenes under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic value of this protocol has been demonstrated by the transformations of several substrates bearing drug moieties, gram-scale reactions, and various further derivatizations of the gem-difluoroalkene products. The preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest a reaction pathway with rate-determining benzyl C-H bond cleavage of toluene followed by benzylic radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jinhuan Nie
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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3
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Cao S, Kim D, Lee W, Hong S. Photocatalytic Enantioselective Hydrosulfonylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls with Sulfonyl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312780. [PMID: 37782249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This research explores the enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of various α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via the use of visible light and redox-active chiral Ni-catalysis, facilitating the synthesis of enantioenriched α-chiral sulfones with remarkable enantioselectivity (exceeding 99 % ee). A significant challenge entails enhancing the reactivity between chiral metal-coordinated carbonyl compounds and moderate electrophilic sulfonyl radicals, aiming to minimize the background reactions. The success of our approach stems from two distinctive attributes: 1) the Cl-atom abstraction employed for sulfonyl radical generation from sulfonyl chlorides, and 2) the single-electron reduction to produce a key enolate radical Ni-complex. The latter process appears to enhance the feasibility of the sulfonyl radical's addition to the electron-rich enolate radical. An in-depth investigation into the reaction mechanism, supported by both experimental observations and theoretical analysis, offers insight into the intricate reaction process. Moreover, the versatility of our methodology is highlighted through its successful application in the late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules, demonstrating its practicality as a strategy for producing α-chiral sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Cao
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kvasovs N, Fang J, Kliuev F, Gevorgyan V. Merging of Light/Dark Palladium Catalytic Cycles Enables Multicomponent Tandem Alkyl Heck/Tsuji-Trost Homologative Amination Reaction toward Allylic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18497-18505. [PMID: 37556443 PMCID: PMC10750327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed homologative three-component synthesis of allylic amines has been developed. This protocol proceeds via a unique mechanism involving two distinct cycles enabled by the same Pd(0) catalyst: a visible light-induced hybrid radical alkyl Heck reaction between 1,1-dielectrophile and styrene, followed by the "in dark" classical Tsuji-Trost-type allylic substitution reaction. This method works well with a broad range of primary and secondary amines, aryl alkenes, dielectrophiles, and in complex settings. The regiochemistry of the obtained products is primarily governed by the structure of 1,1-dielectrophile. Involvement of π-allyl palladium intermediates allowed for the control of stereoselectivity, which has been demonstrated with up to 95:5 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Fedor Kliuev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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Aelterman M, Biremond T, Jubault P, Poisson T. Electrochemical Synthesis of gem-Difluoro- and γ-Fluoro-Allyl Boronates and Silanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202194. [PMID: 36067044 PMCID: PMC9828158 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical synthesis of fluorinated allyl silanes and boronates was disclosed. The addition of electrogenerated boryl or silyl radicals onto many α-trifluoromethyl or α-difluoromethylstyrenes in an undivided cell allowed the formation of a large panel of synthetically useful gem-difluoro and γ-fluoroallyl boronates and silanes (64 examples, from 31 % to 95 % yield). In addition, a scale up of the reactions under continuous flow was showcased using an electrochemical reactor with promising volumetric productivity (688 g.L-1 .h-1 and 496 g.L-1 .h-1 ). Moreover, the synthetic utility of these building blocks was highlighted through versatile transformations. Finally, plausible reaction mechanisms were suggested to explain the formation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Aelterman
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Tony Biremond
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France1 rue Descartes75231ParisFrance
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