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Mathew R, Mazumder A, Kumar P, Matula J, Mohamed S, Brazda P, Hariharan M, Thomas B. Unveiling the topology of partially disordered micro-crystalline nitro-perylenediimide with X-aggregate stacking: an integrated approach. Chem Sci 2024; 15:490-499. [PMID: 38179523 PMCID: PMC10762722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Profound knowledge of the molecular structure and supramolecular organization of organic molecules is essential to understand their structure-property relationships. Herein we demonstrate the packing arrangement of partially disordered nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI), revealing that the perylenediimide units exhibit an X-shaped packing pattern. The packing of NO2-PDI is derived using a complementary approach that utilises solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) techniques. Perylenediimide (PDI) molecules are captivating due to their high luminescence efficiency and optoelectronic properties, which are related to supramolecular self-assembly. Increasing the alkyl chain length on the imide substituent poses a more significant challenge in crystallizing the resulting molecule. In addition to the alkyl tails, other functional groups, like the nitro group attached as a bay substituent, can also cause disorder. Such heterogeneity could lead to diffuse scattering, which then complicates the interpretation of diffraction experiment data, where perfect periodicity is expected. As a result, there is an unmet need to develop a methodology for solving the structures of difficult-to-crystallize materials. A synergistic approach is utilised in this manuscript to understand the packing arrangement of the disordered material NO2-PDI by making use of 3D ED, ssNMR and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The combination of these experimental and theoretical approaches provides great promise in enabling the structural investigation of novel materials with customized properties across various applications, which are, due to the internal disorder, very difficult to study by diffraction techniques. By effectively addressing these challenges, our methodology opens up new avenues for material characterization, thereby driving exciting advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Julie Matula
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Brazda
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2/1999 18200 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Brijith Thomas
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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Julien PA, Arhangelskis M, Germann LS, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Morris AJ, Friščić T. Illuminating milling mechanochemistry by tandem real-time fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12121-12132. [PMID: 37969588 PMCID: PMC10631231 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of accessible and interpretable methods for direct and real-time observation of mechanochemical reactions, we demonstrate a tandem spectroscopic method for monitoring of ball-milling transformations combining fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy, accompanied by high-level molecular and periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, including periodic time-dependent (TD-DFT) modelling of solid-state fluorescence spectra. This proof-of-principle report presents this readily accessible dual-spectroscopy technique as capable of observing changes to the supramolecular structure of the model pharmaceutical system indometacin during mechanochemical polymorph transformation and cocrystallisation. The observed time-resolved in situ spectroscopic and kinetic data are supported by ex situ X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. The application of first principles (ab initio) calculations enabled the elucidation of how changes in crystalline environment, that result from mechanochemical reactions, affect vibrational and electronic excited states of molecules. The herein explored interpretation of both real-time and ex situ spectroscopic data through ab initio calculations provides an entry into developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical milling processes and highlights the challenges of using real-time spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada 13 General Crerar Crescent K7K 7B4 Kingston Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura St. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Luzia S Germann
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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Cordova M, Moutzouri P, Nilsson Lill SO, Cousen A, Kearns M, Norberg ST, Svensk Ankarberg A, McCabe J, Pinon AC, Schantz S, Emsley L. Atomic-level structure determination of amorphous molecular solids by NMR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5138. [PMID: 37612269 PMCID: PMC10447443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure determination of amorphous materials remains challenging, owing to the disorder inherent to these materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) powder crystallography is a powerful method to determine the structure of molecular solids, but disorder leads to a high degree of overlap between measured signals, and prevents the unambiguous identification of a single modeled periodic structure as representative of the whole material. Here, we determine the atomic-level ensemble structure of the amorphous form of the drug AZD4625 by combining solid-state NMR experiments with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine-learned chemical shifts. By considering the combined shifts of all 1H and 13C atomic sites in the molecule, we determine the structure of the amorphous form by identifying an ensemble of local molecular environments that are in agreement with experiment. We then extract and analyze preferred conformations and intermolecular interactions in the amorphous sample in terms of the stabilization of the amorphous form of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cordova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pinelopi Moutzouri
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sten O Nilsson Lill
- Data Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Cousen
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Martin Kearns
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Stefan T Norberg
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Svensk Ankarberg
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James McCabe
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Arthur C Pinon
- Swedish NMR Center, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Schantz
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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