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Koo J, Kim W, Jhun BH, Park S, Song D, You Y, Lee HG. Halogen Atom Transfer-Induced Homolysis of C-F Bonds by the Excited-State Boryl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39093360 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel reactivity toward C-F bond functionalization has been developed, which could be designated as fluorine atom transfer (FAT). A photoexcited state of an N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated boryl radical exhibits a transcendent reactivity, capable of activating chemically inert carbon-fluorine bonds through homolysis. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest that the ligated boryl radical species directly abstracts a fluorine atom from the organofluoride substrates to provide valuable carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoo Koo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Weonjeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hak Jhun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoon Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gremillion AJ, Ross J, Yu X, Ishtaweera P, Anwander R, Autschbach J, Baker GA, Kelley SP, Walensky JR. Facile Oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) Using Cu(I) Salts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9602-9609. [PMID: 38507258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, luminescence, and electrochemical properties of the Ce(III) compound, [(C5Me5)2(2,6-iPr2C6H3O)Ce(THF)], 1, were investigated. Based on the electrochemical data, treatment of 1 with CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) results in the formation of the corresponding Ce(IV) complexes, [(C5Me5)2(2,6-iPr2C6H3O)Ce(X)]. Each complex has been characterized using NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy as well as structurally determined using X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the treatment of [(C5Me5)2(2,6-iPr2C6H3O)Ce(Br)] with AgF results in the formation of the putative [(C5Me5)2(2,6-iPr2C6H3O)Ce(F)]. The electronic structure of these Ce(IV)-X complexes was investigated by bond analyses and the Ce(IV)-F moiety using quantum chemistry NMR calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Gremillion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jason Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Piyuni Ishtaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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3
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Ouellette ET, Brackbill IJ, Kynman AE, Christodoulou S, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Triple Inverse Sandwich versus End-On Diazenido: Bonding Motifs across a Series of Rhenium-Lanthanide and -Actinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7177-7188. [PMID: 38598523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
While synthesizing a series of rhenium-lanthanide triple inverse sandwich complexes, we unexpectedly uncovered evidence for rare examples of end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination for certain heavy lanthanide elements as well as for uranium. We begin our report with the synthesis and characterization of a series of trirhenium triple inverse sandwich complexes with the early lanthanides, Ln[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3(THF) (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate). However, as we moved across the lanthanide series, we ran into an unexpected result for gadolinium in which we structurally characterized two products for gadolinium, namely, 1-Gd (analogous to 1-Ln) and a diazenido dirhenium double inverse sandwich complex Gd[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)][(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (2-Gd). Evidence for analogues of 2-Gd was spectroscopically observed for other heavy lanthanides (2-Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Er), and, in the case of 2-Er, structurally authenticated. These complexes represent the first observed examples of heterobimetallic end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to probe relevant bonding interactions and reveal energetic differences between both the experimental and putative 1-Ln and 2-Ln complexes. We also present additional examples of novel end-on heterobimetallic lanthanide and actinide diazenido moieties in the erbium-rhenium complex (η8-COT)Er[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)](THF)(Et2O) (3-Er) and uranium-rhenium complex [Na(2.2.2-cryptand)][(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (4-U). Finally, we expand the scope of rhenium inverse sandwich coordination by synthesizing divalent double inverse sandwich complex Yb[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (5-Yb), as well as base-free, homoleptic rhenium-rare earth triple inverse sandwich complex Y[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3 (6-Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Kynman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stella Christodoulou
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Lye K, Young RD. A review of frustrated Lewis pair enabled monoselective C-F bond activation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2712-2724. [PMID: 38404400 PMCID: PMC10882520 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) bond activation chemistry has greatly developed over the last two decades since the seminal report of metal-free reversible hydrogen activation. Recently, FLP systems have been utilized to allow monoselective C-F bond activation (at equivalent sites) in polyfluoroalkanes. The problem of 'over-defluorination' in the functionalization of polyfluoroalkanes (where multiple fluoro-positions are uncontrollably functionalized) has been a long-standing chemical problem in fluorocarbon chemistry for over 80 years. FLP mediated monoselective C-F bond activation is complementary to other solutions developed to address 'over-defluorination' and offers several advantages and unique opportunities. This perspective highlights some of these advantages and opportunities and places the development of FLP mediated C-F bond activation into the context of the wider effort to overcome 'over-defluorination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Rowan D Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
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Guo H, Hong D, Cui P. Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported trivalent rare-earth metal complexes and redox reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15672-15676. [PMID: 37882247 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported rare-earth metal complexes LLn(III) (Ln = Ce, Pr, Tb, Y, Lu) were synthesized. The Ce(III) complex was oxidized with [N(C6H4Br)3][SbCl6] to a Ce(IV) chloride complex, which reacted with tBuONa to form a Ce(IV) tert-butoxide complex, one displaying a reduction potential cathodically shifted relative to that of Ce(IV) chloride complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
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Kynman AE, Christodoulou S, Ouellette ET, Peterson A, Kelly SN, Maron L, Arnold P. Photocatalytic dechlorination of unactivated chlorocarbons including PVC using organolanthanide complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10924-10927. [PMID: 37614167 PMCID: PMC10528292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple lanthanide cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes can photochemically cleave the sp3 carbon-chlorine bond of unactivated chlorinated hydrocarbons including polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The excited state lifetimes of these simple complexes are among the longest observed for cerium complexes (175 ns for [(CpMe4)2Ce(μ-Cl)]2) and the light absorption by the Cp ligand is efficient, so photocatalytic reactivity is enhanced for cerium and now also made possible for neighboring, normally photoinactive, lanthanide congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Kynman
- Dept of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Erik T Ouellette
- Dept of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Appie Peterson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sheridon N Kelly
- Dept of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Polly Arnold
- Dept of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Mkrtchyan S, Shkoor M, Sarfaraz S, Ayub K, Iaroshenko VO. Mechanochemical arylative detrifluoromethylation of trifluoromethylarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6549-6555. [PMID: 37523214 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The stoichiometric defluorinative functionalization of ArCF3 is a conceptually appealing research target. It enables the challenging late-stage functionalization of CF3-containing aromatic molecules and contributes to the remedy of environmental risks resulting from the accumulation of relatively inert ArCF3-containing molecules. Similarly, Ar-CN bond features limit their utilization in cross-coupling reactions. Thus, the employment of benzonitriles in decyanative Suzuki-Miyaura type coupling remains in high demand in the field of C-C bond formation. Herein, we report mechanochemically induced and ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3)-mediated defluorinative cyanation of trifluoromethylarenes. In addition, we describe a facile mechanochemically facilitated and nickel-catalyzed decyanative arylation of benzonitriles to access biphenyls. Combining both processes in a one-pot multicomponent protocol to achieve a concise direct arylative detrifluoromethylation of ArCF3 is described herein. This work is the first hitherto realization of C-C coupling with CF3 as a formal leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satenik Mkrtchyan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
| | - Mohanad Shkoor
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Viktor O Iaroshenko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
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Price AN, Gupta AK, de Jong WA, Arnold PL. Tris(carbene)borates; alternatives to cyclopentadienyls in organolanthanide chemistry. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5433-5437. [PMID: 37070223 PMCID: PMC10222825 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of the tris-carbene anion phenyltris(3-alkyl-imidazoline-2-yliden-1-yl)borate, [C3Me]- ligand, is initiated for f-block metal cations. Neutral, molecular complexes of the form Ln(C3)2I are formed for cerium(III), while a separated ion pair [Ln(C3)2]I forms for ytterbium(III). DFT/QTAIM computational analyses of the complexes and related tridentate tris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) - supported analogs demonstrates the anticipated strength of the σ donation and confirms greater covalency in the metal-carbon bonds of the [C3Me]- complexes in comparison with those in the TpMe,Me complexes. The DFT calculations demonstrate the crucial role of THF solvent in accurately reproducing the contrasting molecular and ion-pair geometries observed experimentally for the Ce and Yb complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N Price
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | - Ankur K Gupta
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wibe A de Jong
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Polly L Arnold
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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