1
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Giovanardi G, Cattani S, Balestri D, Secchi A, Cera G. Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylations: Regioselective Functionalizations of Calix[4]arene Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8486-8499. [PMID: 38816966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We report iridium-catalyzed C-H borylations for the regioselective synthesis of distally disubstituted calix[4]arene macrocycles. The atom- and step-economical method led to a broad family of calix[4]arenes in good yields and functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility of the C-H borylation protocol was finally illustrated with several late-stage modifications for the synthesis of elaborate calix[4]arenes frameworks, otherwise challenging to achieve with commonly employed procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Balestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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2
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Jiang YK, Tian YL, Feng J, Zhang H, Wang L, Yang WA, Xu XD, Liu RR. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Calix[4]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407752. [PMID: 38844430 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Inherently chiral calix[4]arenes are an excellent structural scaffold for enantioselective synthesis, chiral recognition, sensing, and circularly polarized luminescence. However, their catalytic enantioselective synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of inherently chiral calix[4]arene derivatives via cascade enantioselective cyclization and oxidation reactions. The three-component reaction features a broad substrate scope (33 examples), high efficiency (up to 90 % yield), and excellent enantioselectivity (>95 % ee on average). The potential applications of calix[4]arene derivatives are highlighted by their synthetic transformation and a detailed investigation of their photophysical and chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yong-Le Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Wei-Ao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xing-Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
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3
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Li XC, Cheng Y, Wang XD, Tong S, Wang MX. De novo synthesis of inherently chiral heteracalix[4]aromatics from enantioselective macrocyclization enabled by chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed intramolecular S NAr reaction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3610-3615. [PMID: 38455024 PMCID: PMC10915842 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis of highly enantiopure inherently chiral N3,O-calix[2]arene[2]triazines from enantioselective macrocyclization enabled by chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In contrast to documented examples, the inherent chirality of the acquired compounds arises from one heteroatom difference in the linking positions of heteracalix[4](het)arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chi Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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4
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Li JH, Li XK, Feng J, Yao W, Zhang H, Lu CJ, Liu RR. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Seven-Membered Ring with Inherent Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319289. [PMID: 38185722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Inherent chirality is used to describe chiral cyclic molecules devoid of central, axial, planar, or helical chirality and has tremendous applications in chiral recognition and enantioselective synthesis. Catalytic and divergent syntheses of inherently chiral molecules have attracted increasing interest from chemists. Herein, we report the enantioselective synthesis of inherently chiral tribenzocycloheptene derivatives via chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed condensation of cyclic ketones and hydroxylamines. This chemistry paves the way to accessing the less stable derivatives of 7-membered rings with inherent chirality. A series of chiral tribenzocycloheptene oxime ethers was synthesized in good yields (up to 97 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wang Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
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5
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Wang JQ, Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Advances in circularly polarized luminescence materials based on chiral macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13089-13106. [PMID: 37830234 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials utilizing supramolecular strategies has recently attracted increasing interest in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Chiral macrocycles, especially chiral macrocyclic hosts, have stable structures, adjustable internal cavities to encapsulate different guests, and host-guest complexation to induce special photophysical properties. Consequently, various CPL materials based on chiral macrocycles have been developed during the last decade. To gain a better understanding of this rapidly developing research area, it is necessary and also important to summarize the advances in CPL materials based on chiral macrocycles. In this review, CPL materials from different chiral macrocycles, especially classical and newly reported chiral macrocyclic hosts and their derivatives, will be comprehensively summarized. It is believed that this review will be of guiding significance and also very helpful for the development of macrocyclic chemistry and CPL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Chen D, Li J, Zhang X, Liu G, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Shan Y. Rapid Access to Fused Tetracyclic N-Heterocycles via Amino-to-Alkyl 1,5-Palladium Migration Coupled with Intramolecular C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:6272-6277. [PMID: 37607048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented route for the preparation of fused tetracyclic N-heterocycles is presented through the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of isocyanides with alkyne-tethered aryl iodides. In this transformation, a novel amino-to-alkyl 1,5-palladium migration/intramolecular C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling sequence was observed first. More importantly, isocyanide exhibited three roles, serving simultaneously as a C1 synthon, a C1N1 synthon, and the donor of C(sp3) for C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling, and the reaction was the sole successful example that achieved C(sp3)-H activation of isocyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Gongle Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yongwei Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Shan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
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Chetcuti MJ, Naghmouchi H, Hamdi A, Karmazin L. Synthesis of Imidazolium Cations Linked to Para-t-Butylcalix[4]arene Frameworks and Their Use as Synthons for Nickel-NHC Complexes Tethered to Calix[4]arenes. Molecules 2023; 28:5697. [PMID: 37570668 PMCID: PMC10420804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of cationic p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes, with side-arms that are functionalized with imidazolium groups, have been synthesized in good yields. The parent tetrahydroxy para-t-butyl-calix[4]arene was dialkylated at the phenolic hydrogen atoms using α,ω-dibromo-alkanes to yield bis(mono-brominated) alkoxy-chains of variable length. The brominated side-arms in these compounds were then further alkylated with substituted imidazoles (N-methylimidazole, N-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)imidazole, or N-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazole) to yield a series of dicationic calixarenes with two imidazolium groups tethered, via different numbers of methylene spacers (n = 2-4), to the calixarene moiety. Related tetracationic compounds, which contain four imidazolium units linked to the calix[4]arene backbone, were also prepared. In all of these compounds, the NMR data show that the calixarenes adopted a cone configuration. All molecules were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and by MS studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were attempted on many mono-crystals of these cations, but significant disorder problems, partly caused by occluded solvent in the lattice, and lack of crystallinity resulting from partial solvent loss, precluded the good resolution of most X-ray structures. Eventually, good structural data were obtained from an unusually disordered single crystal of 5a, (1,3)-Cone-5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,27-di-hydroxy-26,28-di-[2-(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imidazolium)ethoxy]calix[4]arene dibromide and its presumed structure was confirmed. The structure revealed the presence of H-bonded interactions and some evidence of π-stacking. Some of these imidazolium salts were reacted with nickelocene to form the nickel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 7a-7d. A bis-carbene nickel complex 8 was also isolated and its structure was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structure was disordered and not of high quality, but the structural data corroborated the spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Chetcuti
- Organometallic Chemistry Group, LIMA—UMR CNRS 7042, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Universities of Strasbourg and of Upper Alsace, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Haithem Naghmouchi
- Organometallic Chemistry Group, LIMA—UMR CNRS 7042, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Universities of Strasbourg and of Upper Alsace, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdelwaheb Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraydah 52222, Saudi Arabia;
- LR05ES09 Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Natural Substances Resources and Environment (LACReSNE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Institut Chevreul FR2638, Pôle Diffraction et Diffusion des Rayons X, Cité Scientifique-Université de Lille, Avenue Paul Langevin, CEDEX, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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8
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Giovanardi G, Scarica G, Pirovano V, Secchi A, Cera G. Gold(I)-catalysed hydroarylations of alkynes for the synthesis of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4072-4083. [PMID: 37128860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00603d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first gold(I)-catalysed intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes for the straightforward synthesis of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes. This step- and atom-economical approach, which exploits a formal meta-functionalisation of the calix[4]arene macrocycle, is able to deliver an ample family of N-heterocyclic, chiral compounds in high yields and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Scarica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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9
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Zhang YZ, Xu MM, Si XG, Hou JL, Cai Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Calix[4]arenes via Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular C–H Arylations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22858-22864. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu-Ge Si
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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